Table 3.
Changes in asthma-related outcomes and immunological parameters as compared to the control group for the supplements cluster.
| First Author (Year) | Jadad Score * | Intervention and Dose | Asthma-Related Outcomes | Immunological Parameters | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lung Function | Asthma Control | ||||||||||
| FEV1 | FVC | PEF | ACT | ACQ | FeNO | Cells (Sputum, Blood) | Th2, IgE | Pro-Inflammatory Markers | |||
| Ghaffari (2014) [42] | 3 | Vitamin E 50 mg/day |
N/A | N/A | N/A | ||||||
| Pearson (2004) [43] | 5 | Vitamin E 500 mg/day |
= | = | = | = | |||||
| Smith (2015) [44] | 5 | Soy isoflavone 100 mg/day |
= | ↓ | = | = | ↑ | = | = | ||
| Wood (2008) [45] | 3 | Tomato extract 45 mg lycopene/day |
= | = | = | = | ↓; = | ||||
| Tomato juice 45 mg lycopene/day |
= | = | = | = | ↓; = | ||||||
Abbreviations: FEV1 = forced expiratory flow in one second; FVC = forced vital capacity; PEF = peak expiratory flow; ACT = asthma control test; ACQ = asthma control questionnaire; FeNO = fractional exhaled nitric oxide; Th = T helper cell; IgE = immunoglobulin E; ↑ = significant increase as compared to the control group; ↓ = significant decrease as compared to the control group; = = no change as compared to the control group; N/A = between-group changes not reported; * = Jadad score was calculated to assess the methodological quality of the RCTs. The calculation of the Jadad score can be found in Supplemental Table S1. Quantitative data showing the within-group changes is presented in Supplemental Tables S3–S7.