Table 7.
Changes in asthma-related outcomes and immunological parameters as compared to the control group for the whole-food approach cluster.
| First Author (Year) | Jadad Score * | Intervention and Dose | Asthma-Related Outcomes | Immunological Parameters | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lung Function | Asthma Control | QoL | ||||||||||||
| FEV1 | FVC | PEF | ACT | ACQ | (P)AQLQ | FeNO | Cells (Sputum, Blood) | Th1 | Th2, IgE | Treg | Pro-Inflammatory Markers | |||
| Bseikri (2018) [59] | 2 | Nutrient-dense bar (CHORI-bar) 2 bars/day |
= | = | = | = | = | = | ||||||
| Papamichael (2019) [60] | 3 | Mediterranean diet | = | = | = | = | = | ↓ 1 | ||||||
| Sexton (2013) [61] | 2 | Mediterranean diet (high intervention) 2 | = | = | = | = | = | = | = | = | ||||
| Mediterranean diet (low intervention) 2 | = | = | = | = | = | = | = | = | ||||||
| Sudini (2016) [62] | 4 | Broccoli sprouts 100 g/day |
= | = | = | = | = | = | ||||||
| Wood (2012) [63] | 3 | High antioxidant diet | ↑ | ↑ | = | = | = | = | = | |||||
Abbreviations: FEV1 = forced expiratory flow in one second; FVC = forced vital capacity; PEF = peak expiratory flow; ACT = asthma control test; ACQ = asthma control questionnaire; (P)AQLQ = (pediatric) asthma quality of life questionnaire; FeNO = fractional exhaled nitric oxide; Th = T helper cell; IgE = immunoglobulin E; Treg = regulatory T cell; QoL = quality of life; ↑ = significant increase as compared to the control group; ↓ = significant decrease as compared to the control group; = = no change as compared to the control group; * = Jadad score was calculated to assess the methodological quality of the RCTs. The calculation of the Jadad score can be found in Supplemental Table S1; 1 = significant difference after correction for baseline; 2 = High-intervention: encouraged to adopt a Mediterranean diet and received intensive initial advice and 41 h of consultation sessions with a dietitian. Low intervention: received less intensive advice and spent 2 h with a dietitian. Quantitative data showing the within-group changes is presented in Supplemental Tables S3–S7.