Table 2.

Characteristics of prostate cancer with NE differentiation.

Histologic Phenotype

○ Pure small-cell prostate cancer

○ Mixed small-cell prostate cancer

○ Subtypes classified per WHO 2016 and PCF classification

Tumor Markers

○ CgA

○ synaptophysin

○ CD56

○ NSE

Presentation

○ De novo

○ Emerging in castration resistant patients following ADT

Clinical course

○ Aggressive, poor prognosis

○ Treatment-emergent subtype: predominantly lytic/visceral metastases, bulky tumor masses, low PSA

○ Unresponsive to androgen targeted therapies

○ Short-lived response to platinum-based chemotherapy