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. 2020 Sep 23;106(1):108–119. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa682

Table 2.

Change in biometrics, reproductive, and metabolic hormones after treatment

OCP Lifestyle Combined Lifestyle vs OCP Combined vs OCP Combined vs Lifestyle
Mean Change from Baseline (95% CI) P-value Mean Change from Baseline (95% CI) P-value Mean Change from Baseline (95% CI) P-value P-value P-value P-value
Biometrics
Change in weight (lbs) -2.2 (-5.1, 0.4) 0.11 -13.4 (-16.3, -10.6)  <0.001 -16.1 (-19.0, -13.0)  <0.001  <0.001  <0.001 0.24
Change in BMI (kg/m2) -0.4 (-0.8, 0.1) 0.10 -2.2 (-2.7, -1.7)  <0.001 -2.7 (-3.2, -2.2)  <0.001  <0.001  <0.001 0.15
Reproductive hormones
AMH (ng/mL) -4.46 (-5.83, -3.10)  <0.001 -0.81 (-2.24, 0.61) 0.26 -3.76 (-5.26, -2.25)  <0.001  <0.001 0.49 0.01
Activin A (ng/mL)a 0.70 (0.63, 0.79)  <0.001 1.00 (0.89, 1.12) 0.97 0.84 (0.75, 0.96) 0.01  <0.001 0.03 0.06
Inhibin A (pg/mL)a 0.59 (0.42, 0.84) 0.003 1.22 (0.85, 1.76) 0.27 0.70 (0.48, 1.02) 0.07 0.005 0.51 0.04
Inhibin B (pg/mL) -73.82 (-95.88, -51.75)  <0.001 -4.26 (-27.37, 18.85) 0.72 -48.91 (-73.19, -24.63)  <0.001  <0.001 0.14 0.01
Plasma follistatin (ng/mL) 3.27 (2.69, 3.86)  0.001 -0.25 (-0.85, 0.36) 0.42 2.93 (2.30, 3.56)  <0.001  <0.001 0.43  <0.001
Metabolic hormones
IGF-1 (ng/mL) -43.95 (-79.99, -7.91) 0.02 42.13 (4.39, 79.87) 0.03 -3.84 (-43.34, 35.66) 0.85 0.001 0.14 0.10
IGFBP-2 (ng/mL)a 0.67 (0.51, 0.87) 0.003 1.26 (0.96, 1.66) 0.10 0.72 (0.54, 0.97) 0.03 0.001 0.70 0.01
Glucagon (pg/mL)a 0.51 (0.37, 0.71)  <0.001 0.76 (0.54, 1.06) 0.11 0.51 (0.36, 0.73)  <0.001 0.11 0.99 0.11
GLP-1 (pg/mL) 12.96 (-15.17, 41.10) 0.36 -7.06 (-36.29, 22.16) 0.63 5.87 (-24.85, 36.60) 0.70 0.33 0.74 0.55
GLP-2 (pg/mL) 0.47 (0.18, 0.75) 0.002 -0.13 (-0.43, 0.16) 0.36 0.18 (-0.13, 0.49) 0.26 0.004 0.17 0.15
Plasma oxyntomodulin (pg/mL)a 0.09 (0.05, 0.18)  <0.001 0.90 (0.45, 1.81) 0.77 0.11 (0.05, 0.22)  <0.001  <0.001 0.70  <0.001

Abbreviations: AMH, anti-mullerian hormone; BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence intervals; DXA, dual energy x-ray absorptiometry; GLP-1, glucagon-like peptide 1; GLP-2, glucagon-like peptide 2; IGF-1, Insulin-like growth factor 1; IGFBP-2, insulin-like growth factor 2; OCP, oral contraceptive pills.

a Data were log transformed and change from baseline represents a ratio of geometric means