Table 1.

Function of GSK3α in various types of cancer.

Cancer Type	GSK3α Biological Effect	References
Hepatocellular carcinoma	Overactive	[37]
Cervical carcinoma	Overactive	[39]
Thyroid tumor cells	Overactive	[40]
Prostate carcinoma	(1) Overactive (2) Associated with the androgen receptor transcriptional activity (3) KD represses proliferation and Ki67 expression	[41,82,83]
Acute myeloid leukemia	(1) Overactive (2) KD or chemical inhibition induces cell differentiation	[29,42]
Glioblastoma	Its activity represses cell proliferation	[73]
Neuroblastoma	Chemical inhibition with AR-A014418 downregulates p-Tyr-279 and induces apoptosis	[77]
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma	Its inhibition represses NF-κB activity and induces apoptosis via Kras mutations	[78,79]
Multiple myeloma	(1) Levels of expression higher than GSK3β (2) KD sensitizes cells to cytotoxic effects triggered by Bortezomib	[92]
Lung cancer	(1) Its overexpression is a marker of a poor prognosis (2) Promotes the expression of cyclins A2, B1, D1, and E2	[93]