Figure 5.

Peptide injection and HFS shifted the θ-to-γ PAC average phase vector. (a) Circular diagram illustrating the intrahippocampal microinjection-induced shift of the θ-to-γ PAC average phase vector for each group respecting the baseline vector. (b) Circular diagrams illustrating the time evolution (at 5, 30, and 60 min) of HFS-induced shift of the θ-to-γ PAC average phase vector for each group respecting the microinjection vector. Coloured arrows indicate average vector angles (control, blue; Aβ25-35, red; and Aβ1-40, green); correspondingly coloured shaded areas illustrate the standard error of angles for each group. Significant differences relative to the reference vector (†p < 0.05, †††p < 0.001); significant differences between groups (∗p < 0.05).