Table 5.
Antioxidant activity of Origanum vulgare L. essential oil (OEO).
| Method of Study | IC50/Antioxidant Activity (%) | Details: Source, Phytochemical Composition; Formulation | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2,2′-Diphenyl-1-Picrylhydrazyl-(DPPH) radical-scavenging | IC50 = 2.8 mg/L | Source of the Origanum vulgare L. and chemical constituents were mentioned above in reference [38]. | [38] |
| IC50 = 0.332 mg/mL (leaves flowers) IC50 = 0.357 mg/mL (roots) IC50 = 0.501 mg/mL (stems) |
Origanum vulgare L. was collected from Huanggang City, China. Tested concentrations of OEO were: 0.10, 0.20, 0.40, 0.80, 1.60, and 3.20 mg/mL Qualitative and quantitative determination of the major phytocompounds were identified using GS-MS and attested the presence of: carvacrol (30.73%), thymol (18.81%), p-cymene (10.88%), caryophyllene (7.73%) in leaf-flower oils stem oils included large quantities of palmitic acid (60.18%), linoleic acid (14.25%), carvacrol (6.02%), thymol (3.46%), and oleic acid (5.65%) root oils included large quantities of palmitic acid (58.23%), linoleic acid (12.11%), linolenic acid (3.66%), carvacrol (3.27%), and thymol (1.08%). |
[59] | |
| INU-CHI (inulin-chitosan) film containing 1.0%, 1.5%, 2% of combined Origanum vulgare L. and Thymus vulgaris L essential oils showed 38.79%, 42%, 57%, respectively DPPH radical scavenging activities |
Origanum vulgare L. and Thymus vulgaris L. essential oils were incorporated into the INU-CHI (inulin-chitosan) in the concentration of 1.0%, 1.5%, and 2.0%. Essential oils were obtained from doTERRA (Pleasant Grove, UT, USA) Phytochemical constituents of the essential oils were not mentioned. |
[60] | |
| DPPH scavenging activities: were 69.8 ± 0.8% for 2.5% OEO 87.5± 0.3% for 5% OEO 88.4 ±0.5% for 7.5% OEO |
OEO was purchased from Edens Garden, San Clemente, CA, USA. OEO was encapsulated (2.5%, 5%, 7.5%) into nanofibres of PLCL/SF polymers. Phytochemical constituents of the essential oils were not mentioned. |
[61] | |
| IC50 = 1057 μg/mL |
Origanum vulgare L. was harvested from Gegharkunik province, Armenia. According to GC-MS assay the main constituents of the OEO were: β-caryophyllene epoxide (13.3%); β-caryophyllene (8.2%); ο-cymene (5.2%) The concentration of the OEO ranged from 1.95 to 1000 µg mL−1 |
[62] | |
| Inhibition of Lipid Peroxidation by Ferric Thiocyanate assay (FTC) | At 5, 10 µg/mL OEO presented 23% and 38% lipid peroxidation inhibition. At 10 µg/mL, the inhibition percentage of the OEO was comparable to the standard (42% for 0.1 µg/mL of Trolox) |
Origanum vulgare L. was collected from Chiang Mai, Thailand. According to GS-MS assay, the main constituents of the OEO were: carvacrol (79.5%), γ-terpinene (7.6%), p-Cymene (2.6%) |
[63] |
| 2,2′-Azino-Bis (3-Ethylbenzothiazoline)-6- Sulfonic acid (ABTS); radical scavenging | INU-CHI film containing 1.0%, 1.5%, 2% of the essential oils showed 83%, 90%, 98%, respectively ABTS radical scavenging activities | Source of the Origanum vulgare L. and chemical constituents were mentioned above in reference [60]. | [60] |
| At the concentration of 2 × 10−3% the TAS (the total antioxidant status) (2.20 ± 0.16 mmol/g) values increased by 307.4% in comparison with the negative control (TAS = 0.54 ± 0.04 mmol/protein | OEO was purchased from doTERRA International GS-MS attested the presence of: carvacrol (76.73%), thymol (11.34%), p-cymene (4.67%) The TAS(mmol/g protein) was determined by a chromogenic method (Randox Laboratories, UK) The protein concentrations were determined using the Bradford method. The total antioxidant status (TAS) levels of the OEO (8 × 10−3, 4 × 10−3, 2 × 10−3 w/v%) was tested on HaCaT (healthy human keratinocytes). |
[64] |