Table 6.

Anti-inflammatory activity of Origanum vulgare L. essential oil (OEO).

Details: Source, Phytochemical Composition; Dose, Formulation	Mechanism of Action	Reference
Origanum vulgare subsp. hirtum EO was provided by Exentiae s.r.l. (Catania, Italy) Phytochemical constituents were not mentioned Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) loaded with OEO were obtained by phase inversion temperature and high-pressure homogenization, using two different emulsifiers systems (Tween80/Glyceryl oleate or Kolliphor RH40/Labrafil). Tested concentrations of NLC loaded with OEO were: 0.001, 0.002, 0.003% v/v	decreases (↓)NO	[66]
OEO was provided by Meritech Bioengineering Co. Ltd. (Guangzhou, China). According to GS-MS analysis, OEO contained the following major constituents: carvacrol (79.92%), thymol (1.90%), γ-terpinene (4.54%) OEO concentrations used in the experiment ranged from 2.5 to 10 μg/mL.	↓IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, ↓ ROS, inhibitory activity of NADPH oxidase	[67]
Origanum vulgare L. was harvested from Chaing Mai, Thailand. HPLC assay attested the presence of carvacrol (retention time = 3.381 min) as a major component of the OEO Transdermal microemulsion (ME) from OEO was tested IC50 = 6.8 μg/mL (↓ IL-6) and IC50 = 5.4 ± 2.3 (↓TNF-α)	↓IL-6, TNF-α	[68]
3 types of Origanum vulgare L. were harvested from Supra- Mediterranean and Meso- Mediterranean bioclimatic zones of Spain. OEO samples were analysed by GC-MS and the main constituents were: β-Caryophyllene (0.5–4.9%), thymol (0.2–5.8%), p-cymene (3.8–8.2%), γ-terpinene (2.1–10.7%), carvacrol (58.7–77.4%) IC50 = 251.5 µL EO/L	inhibitory activity of lipoxygenase (LOX)	[69]