Table 2.
List of differentially abundant compounds in M. sativa stems after long-term Cd exposure. Data were obtained by UHPLC–MS in negative mode, with MS/MS experiments. The relative abundance of each peak in stems of control and Cd-exposed plants is based on the selected ion current and is presented as the average normalized value of two technical replicates from five biological replicates. Rt, retention time; nd, not detected.
| Rt (min) | Relative Abundance | Fold | [M − H] | Error (ppm) | Molecular Formula | MSMS [M − H] | Putative Identity | Reference | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cadmium-Exposed | Control | ||||||||
| 2.23 | 446 | 281 | 1.59 | 164.0719 | 1.22 | C9H11NO2 | 147.0434 103.0539- 164.0693 72.0108 | L-Phe * | |
| 2.50 | 1 | 89 | 89.00 | 274.0932 [M − H2O − H] |
−0.11 | C11H19NO8 | 89.0280 274.0929 100.0413 159.8914 232.0821 | N-acetyl-hexosamine derivative | |
| 15.37 | 21 | 1 | 39.40 | 669.1687 [M + FA − H] |
2.18 | C28H32O16 | 299.0537 284.0294 461.1077 | Trihydroxy-methoxy (iso)flavone di-hexoside | [64,65,66] |
| 18.18 | 284 | 30 | 9.36 | 299.0768 | −1.47 | C13H16O8 | 137.0227 109.0266 135.0047 153.0146 91.0181 | Hydroxybenzoyl-hexoside | [67] |
| 19.07 | 464 | 69 | 6.69 | 605.1163 | 2.50 | C27H26O16 | 113.0234 253.0478 351.0579 85.0294 193.0316 | Dihydroxy(iso)flavone di-hexuronide | [64,65] |
| 19.41 | 21 | 1 | 24.86 | 299.0773 | 0.20 | C13H16O8 | 137.0198 135.0049 100.9291 | Hydroxybenzoyl-hexoside | [65,67] |
| 19.49 | 171 | 15 | 11.37 | 605.1164 | 2.63 | C27H26O16 | 113.0211 253.0500 85.0285 351.0572 193.0314 | Dihydroxy(iso)flavone di-hexuronide | [64,65] |
| 19.64 | 63 | 6 | 10.26 | 461.1093 | 0.78 | C22H22O11 | 284.0273 299.0545 255.0303 135.0046 | Trihydroxy methoxy-(iso)flavone hexoside | [64,65,66] |
| 20.06 | 228 | 50 | 4.58 | 429.0824 | −0.75 | C21H18O10 | 253.0489 85.0297 113.0224 135.0058 117.0322 | Dihydroxy(iso)flavone-hexuronide | [64,65] |
| 20.41 | 50 | 7 | 6.88 | 429.0823 | −0.98 | C21H18O10 | 253.0481 117.0344 135.0079 85.0281 280.7946 | Dihydroxy(iso)flavone-hexuronide | [64,65] |
| 21.83 | 52 | 123 | 2.35 | 447.0931 | −0.42 | C21H20O11 | 284.0327 447.1017 | Tetrahydroxy(iso)flavone-hexoside | [64,68] |
| 23.22 | 26 | nd | treated only | 283.0610 | −0.71 | C16H12O5 | 268.0387 147.9081 211.0346 283.0632 | Dihydroxy- methoxy(iso)flavone | [64,66,69] |
| 23.80 | 59 | 2 | 33.23 | 283.0608 | −1.41 | C16H12O5 | 268.0340 211.0382 239.0319 195.0406 | Dihydroxy-methoxy(iso)flavone | [65,70] |
| 23.96 | 68 | 10 | 6.59 | 253.0504 | −0.91 | C15H10O4 | 253.0470 117.0329 135.0080 91.0203 133.0290 | Dihydroxy(iso)flavone | [65] |
| 24.03 | 28 | 1 | 19.01 | 313.0712 | −1.79 | C17H14O6 | 255.0286 298.0491 283.0201 227.0312 171.0404 | Dihydroxy- dimethoxy-(iso)flavone | [65] |
| 25.11 | 151 | 68 | 2.22 | 263.1285 | −1.44 | C15H20O4 | 153.0898 219.1360 204.1122 136.0514 | Abscisic acid* | |
| 26.22 | 29 | 2 | 18.56 | 267.0663 | 0.07 | C16H12O4 | 252.0402 223.0395 195.0422 267.0628 251.0305 | Hydroxy-methoxy(iso)flavone | [64,70] |
| 26.8 | 588 | 88 | 6.69 | 267.0664 | 0.45 | C16H12O4 | 252.0406 223.0371 195.0419 | Hydroxy-methoxy(iso)flavone | |
| 27.73 | 39 | nd | treated only | 299.0920 | −1.62 | C17H16O5 | 135.0072 91.0170 299.0911 284.0303 269.0444 256.0339 | Unknown compound | |
| 28.34 | 129 | 17 | 7.65 | 473.1464 [M + FA − H] |
2.28 | C24H26O10 | 254.0571 209.0582 211.0394 225.0548 269.0838 | Hydroxy-methoxy-pterocarpan malonate hexoside derivative | [71] |
| 30.19 | 12 | 1 | 10.12 | 297.0763 | −1.85 | C17H14O5 | 239.0363 282.0544 183.0049 195.0418 254.0552 211.0394 | Dimethoxy-hydroxy(iso)flavone | [64] |
| 34.76 | 38 | 3 | 14.57 | 313.0715 | −0.83 | C17H14O6 | 255.0277 298.0473 227.0329 270.0526 183.0420 | Dihydroxy- dimethoxy(iso)flavone | [64,65] |
| 36.49 | 71 | 3 | 22.64 | 509.1244 | 0.41 | C30H22O8 | 237.0909 263.0704 135.0058 373.1054 399.0872 | Hydroxylated chalcone dimer | [65] |
* Identity of the compound was confirmed with an authentic standard.