Table 4.
Prospective associations of physical activity behaviours with blood pressure.
| z-Systolic BP 10–11 Years | z-Diastolic BP 10–11 Years | Pulse Pressure 10–11 Years | High SBP d | High DBP d | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| stdβ | B (95% CI) | stdβ | B (95% CI) | stdβ | B (95% CI) | Odds Ratio (95% CI) | Odds Ratio (95% CI) | |
| Sedentary time a | ||||||||
| Unadjusted model | 0.005 | 0.001 (−0.01, 0.01) | 0.018 | 0.002 (−0.01, 0.01) | −0.012 | −0.02 (−0.11, 0.08) | 0.995 (0.97, 1.02) | 1.02 (0.97, 1.07) |
| Adjusted model c | −0.037 | −0.01 (−0.02, 0.01) | −0.048 | −0.01 (−0.02, 0.004) | 0.005 | 0.01 (−0.10, 0.11) | 0.99 (0.95, 1.02) | 0.997 (0.94, 1.06) |
| Light physical activity a | ||||||||
| Unadjusted model | 0.032 | 0.01 (−0.01, 0.03) | 0.016 | 0.003 (−0.01, 0.02) | 0.029 | 0.06 (−0.08, 0.19) | 1.02 (0.98, 1.06) | 0.97 (0.90, 1.04) |
| Adjusted model c | 0.031 | 0.01 (−0.01, 0.02) | 0.045 | 0.01 (−0.01, 0.02) | −0.008 | −0.02 (−0.16, 0.13) | 1.01 (0.97, 1.06) | 1.01 (0.93, 1.09) |
| Moderate physical activity a | ||||||||
| Unadjusted model | 0.016 | 0.01 (−0.03, 0.05) | −0.013 | −0.01 (−0.04, 0.03) | 0.033 | 0.16 (−0.19, 0.51) | 1.01 (0.91, 1.12) | 0.97 (0.81, 1.16) |
| Adjusted model c | 0.035 | 0.02 (−0.02, 0.06) | 0.045 | 0.02 (−0.01, 0.05) | −0.003 | −0.01 (−0.36, 0.33) | 1.04 (0.92, 1.17) | 1.06 (0.86, 1.30) |
| Vigorous physical activity b | ||||||||
| Unadjusted model | 0.006 | 0.01 (−0.07, 0.08) | −0.029 | −0.02 (−0.08, 0.03) | 0.038 | 0.33 (−0.29, 0.94) | 1.00 (0.83, 1.20) | 0.90 (0.66, 1.22) |
| Adjusted model c | 0.006 | 0.01 (−0.07, 0.08) | −0.011 | −0.01 (−0.06, 0.05) | 0.017 | 0.14 (−0.45, 0.73) | 1.02 (0.83, 1.26) | 0.87 (0.62, 1.21) |
| Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity a | ||||||||
| Unadjusted model | 0.011 | 0.004 (−0.02, 0.03) | −0.016 | −0.004 (−0.02, 0.02) | 0.030 | 0.09 (−0.13, 0.31) | 1.01 (0.94, 1.07) | 0.97 (0.87, 1.08) |
| Adjusted model c | 0.025 | 0.01 (−0.02, 0.04) | 0.025 | 0.01 (−0.01, 0.03) | 0.003 | 0.01 (−0.21, 0.22) | 1.02 (0.95, 1.10) | 0.99 (0.87, 1.12) |
Abbreviations: BP, blood pressure; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure. For continuous outcomes, analyses were performed using linear regression models, and standardized β and unstandardized B with 95% confidence interval are presented. For dichotomous outcomes, logistic regression models were used, and odds ratios with 95% confidence interval are presented. A total of 749 children were included in the analyses. a Physical activity and sedentary time expressed as 10 min/day. b Vigorous physical activity was log-transformed. c All analyses were adjusted for age of physical activity measurement, outcome measurement, sex, baseline measurement, cuff size, maternal education level, season of physical activity measurement, and wear time. d Prehypertension at 10–11 years was defined using the age-, sex-, and height-specific 90th percentile from the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) guidelines. In total, 224 children and 59 children were classified as having high systolic and diastolic blood pressure, respectively.