| 4-AP | 4-amynopyridine |
| A1Rs | A1 receptors |
| A2ARs | A2A receptors |
| LD | linear dichroism |
| A2BRs | A2B receptors |
| A3Rs | A3 receptors |
| AC | adenylyl cyclase |
| ADA | adenosine deaminase |
| AK | adenosine kinase |
| AMP | adenosine monophosphate |
| BBB | blood brain barrier |
| CA1 | cornus ammonis 1 |
| cAMP | cyclic adenosine monophosphate |
| CNS | central nervous system |
| ENT | equilibrative nucleoside transporter |
| IK | potassium current |
| IL-1β | interleukin-1β |
| IL-6 | interleukin-6 |
| IL-10 | interleukin-10 |
| IP3 | inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate |
| MAG | myelin associated glycoprotein |
| MCAo | middle cerebral artery occlusion |
| MBP | myelin basic protein |
| NMDA | N-methyl D-aspartate |
| PPF | paired pulse facilitation |
| OGD | oxygen-glucose deprivation |
| ROS | reactive oxygen species |
| S1P | sphingosine 1 phosphate |
| siRNA | small interference RNA |
| SNHL | sensorineural hearing loss |
| SphK1 | sphingosine kinase 1 |
| TNFα | tumor necrosis factor-alpha |
| TEA | tetraethylammonium |
| tPA | tissue plasminogen activator |
| VGCC | voltage-gated Ca2+ channels |
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