Table 1.

Summary of mitochondrial proteins/pathways deregulated in tumor cells, as discussed in this review.

Tumor Type	Cells/Tissues Analyzed	Proteins/Pathways Deregulated	References
Breast cancer	MCF-10A MCF-10A-cancer derivatives	Decreased levels of proteins of the respiratory chain	[106]
Breast cancer	Adriamycin-sensitive, and adriamycin-resistant MCF-7 cancer cells	Decreased levels of proteins involved in fatty acid oxidation, apoptosis, heme biosynthesis in Adriamycin-resistant cells	[107]
Breast cancer	MCF-10A MCF-7 MDA-MB-231	Deregulation of mitochondrial proteins involved in several pathways; prohibitin delocalized in the nucleus of cancer cells	[108]
Breast cancer	MCF-10A MCF-12A MCF-7 MDA-MB-231 BT-483 SK-BR-3 MDA-MB-453 BT-549 T47D MDA-MB-468 hTERT-HME-1	High levels of intramitochondrial c-SRC in triple-negative breast cancer cells	[110]
Prostate cancer	Benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) Primary prostate cancer Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC)	Expression of some enzymes of the Krebs’ cycle, including aconitase-2 and oxoglutarate dehydrogenase, increased in primary cancer versus BPH but decreased in primary cancer versus CRPC Malate dehydrogenase 2 linearly increased during prostate cancer development and progression	[115]
Prostate cancer	Biopsies from normal prostate tissue, premalignant lesions, non-invasive malignant lesions, invasive malignant lesions	A progressive shift towards nuclear-encoded cytochrome c oxidase subunits IV, Vb, and VIc compared to mitochondria-encoded cytochrome c oxidase subunits I and II detected during transition from normal prostate to premalignant lesions and further during progression to invasive cancer	[116]
Prostate cancer	Normal prostate tissues Prostate cancer tissues	Increased levels of the mitochondrial fission factor MFF	[117,118]
Ovarian cancer	Platinum-sensitive and platinum-resistant ovarian cancer cell lines Ovarian cancer tissues from patients sensitive and resistant to platinum-based chemotherapy	Five enzymes participating in the electron respiratory chain (ATP-α, PRDX3, prohibitin, ETF, ALDH) downregulated in chemoresistant cells/tissues	[120]
Ovarian cancer	Doxorubicin-resistant and doxorubicin-sensitive ovarian cancer cell lines	Dysregulation of 122 mitochondrial proteins regulating transport, metabolism, energy production and apoptosis in doxorubicin-resistant cells	[121]
Ovarian cancer	High-grade ovarian cancer tissues Normal ovaries	1198 differentially regulated mitochondrial proteins in cancer. Nuclear-encoded enzymes participating to Krebs’ cycle and OXPHOS significantly upregulated in ovarian cancer	[123]
Colorectal cancer	Metastatic and non- metastatic colorectal cancer cell lines	Altered expression of proteins of the Krebs’ cycle and OXPHOS. Some OXPHOS proteins, including three proteins of the Cytochrome b-c1 mitochondrial complex, detected in the cytoskeleton compartment of colon cancer cells were reduced in metastatic cells	[124]
Colorectal cancer	Colorectal cancer tissues and their adjacent normal mucosa	Changes in the expression of mitochondrial enzymes participating to the Krebs’ cycle, with a 3- to 5-fold increase in the levels of malate dehydrogenase and a 6-fold decrease in the levels of aconitase 2 and aconitate hydratase	[125]
Pancreatic cancer	Pancreatic cancer tissues Normal pancreas	Cytochrome c oxidase and succinate dehydrogenase significantly down-regulated in cancer	[126]
Hematological tumors	Jurkat T leukemia cells	680 mitochondrial and mitochondria-associated proteins were identified This work generated the first reference mitochondrial proteome of human leukemia cells	[129]
Hematological tumors	Myeloid leukemia cells	The stress-activated protein kinase JNK/SAPK localized into mitochondria following treatment with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate, an agent that induces a differentiated monocytic phenotype and apoptosis	[130]
Hematological tumors	Multiple myeloma	Upregulation of MFF	[117,118]
Non-small cell lung cancer	Non-small cell lung cancer Normal lung tissue	Upregulation of MFF	[117,118]
Non-small cell lung cancer	Non-small cell lung carcinoma cells and tissues Normal lung tissue	Mitochondrial accumulation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), a receptor tyrosine kinase prevalently localized in the plasma membrane, promoted metastasis in non-small cell lung carcinomas and was very high in stage IV cancers	[74,132]
Neuroblastoma	Neuroblastoma cells	Accumulation of activated protein kinase B (AKT) within mitochondria upon activation of PI3-Kinase signaling by insulin or insulin-like growth factor-1	[135,136]
Miscellaneous tumor types	U-937 myeloid leukemia cells Breast cancer cell lines Prostate cancer cell lines	Mitochondrial localization of PKCδ after treatment with phorbol esters, oxidants or with anti-cancer drugs, such as etoposide and cisplatin	[137,138,139,140]