Table 3.

Reported mesoporous nanomaterials: types, names, and characteristic features [153].

Type		Names	Characteristic Features	Ref.
MSNs	Mobil Crystalline Materials (MCM)	MCM-48, MCM-41, and MCM-50	MCM-41: honeycomb-like structure with a pore diameter of 2.5–6 nm and an easily functionalized surface due to the presence of silanol groups. MCM-48 and MCM-50: cubic and lamella-like arrangement, respectively. MCM-41 and MCM-48: can be functionalized with amino groups	[154,162,163,164,165]
	Santa Barbara Amorphous (SBA)	SBA-11, SBA-12, and SBA 15, SBA-16	Pores of 4.6–30 nm and thicker silica walls. SBA-15: high surface to area ratio, porosity, uniform pore size distributions, with 30 nm average pore diameter and thermal stability.	[166,167,168,169]
	Korea advanced institute of science and technology (KIT)	KIT-5, KIT-6	KIT-6: composed of two interwoven mesoporous networks similar to that found in MCM-48 silica, but possessing much larger pore diameters of 5–12 nm.	[147,170]
	Center for research chemistry and catalysis (COK)	COK-12	Large-pore ordered mesoporous silica (OMS), analogous to the SBA-15, but synthesized in a more environmentally friendly way and exhibiting a shorter plate-like structure	[171]
	Folded sheets of mesoporous (FSM)	FSM-16	Narrowly distributed pore size of of 2.8 nm in diameter	[172]
	Fibrous silica nanospheres	KCC-1	Particles with extremely large surface area, highly stable, which tolerate high temperature, can be kept at room temperature for months without any changes in their properties and modified with various agents to change the surface properties	[173]
Mesoporous silica film (MSF)		MSF	Mesoporous that have hexagonal arrays with parallel cylindrical channels	[174,175,176,177]