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. 2020 Dec 16;25(24):5964. doi: 10.3390/molecules25245964

Figure 24.

Figure 24

General method to optimize and functionalize red-shifted rhodamine dyes: (a) the lactone–zwitterion equilibrium of JF rhodamine dyes and the equilibrium constant KL-Z; (b) Phenomenological plot categorizing the properties of different dyes based on KL-Z; (c) Synthesis, structures and λexc of dyes 1–8; (d) Plot of KL-Z versus λexc for dyes 1–8 and general tuning strategies for dyes with short or long λexc; (e) Structures of dyes 9–11; (f), Plot of KL-Z versus λexc showing decreased KL-Z for dyes 9–11; (g) Structure of JF479–Halotag ligand (11HTL); (h), Structures of dyes 13–14; (i) Plot of KL-Z versus λexc showing decreased KL-Z for dyes 13–14; (j) High-magnification images of fixed U2OS cell nuclei expressing Halotag–histone H2B and labeled with 15HTL–20HTL. Adapted by permission from Nature: Springer, Nature Methods [51] Copyright (2020). Scale bars = 10 µm.