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. 2020 Dec 18;21(24):9667. doi: 10.3390/ijms21249667

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Levels of melatonin, aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AANAT), CK19, and TNFα in the livers of patients with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC). (A) Serum concentration of melatonin was increased in PBC patients, in contrast to liver tissue where the concentration of this hormone was decreased in comparison to controls. (B) The level of AANAT protein was enhanced, whereas the expression of mRNA was not change in either early-stage PBC or cirrhotic PBC. (C) The level of the CK19 protein was increased in the livers of PBC patients in comparison to controls. (D) The TNFα protein level was upregulated in PBC, while no changes in mRNA expression were observed in early-stage PBC or cirrhotic PBC. Melatonin concentration was evaluated using an ELISA assay, while AANAT, CK19, and TNFα mRNA and protein levels were evaluated using real-time PCR and Western blot, respectively. Values are shown as mean ± SE. ** p < 0.01 and *** p < 0.001.