Table 3.

Justification, de-escalation, treatment rationale, and fidelity to guidelines at baseline and post-intervention by total sites and individual hospitals (Kirtipur, Kathmandu Model, and Pokhara).

Site	Review Criteria	Baseline	Post-Intervention	p-Value
TOTAL SITES	Was the antibiotics course justified? (Yes)	34.9% (84)	78.0% (184)	<0.001
	Were antibiotics de-escalated? (Yes)	28.0% (51)	85.9% (167)	<0.001
	Was the treatment rationale documented correctly? (Yes)	33.3% (62)	77.7% (146)	<0.001
	Were guidelines followed within the first 72 h of therapy? (Yes)	37.9% (67)	82.2% (143)	<0.001
	Were recommendations followed for definitive therapy? (Yes)	29.4% (50)	82.8% (154)	<0.001
KIRTIPUR	Was the antibiotics course justified? (Yes)	33.3% (26)	70.7% (58)	<0.001
	Were antibiotics de-escalated? (Yes)	41.8% (28)	87.5% (56)	<0.001
	Was the treatment rationale documented correctly? (Yes)	27.4% (20)	68.6% (48)	<0.001
	Were guidelines followed within the first 72 h of therapy? (Yes)	30.8% (20)	78.6% (44)	<0.001
	Were recommendations followed for definitive therapy? (Yes)	27.8% (20)	77.2% (44)	<0.001
KATHMANDU MODEL	Was the antibiotics course justified? (Yes)	46.3% (37)	77.0% (57)	<0.001
	Were antibiotics de-escalated? (Yes)	30.4% (21)	78.6% (55)	<0.001
	Was the treatment rationale documented correctly? (Yes)	53.5% (38)	81.4% (57)	<0.001
	Were guidelines followed within the first 72 h of therapy? (Yes)	63.0% (46)	80.6% (54)	0.016
	Were recommendations followed for definitive therapy? (Yes)	46.2% (30)	79.4% (54)	<0.001
POKHARA	Was the antibiotics course justified? (Yes)	25.3% (21)	86.1% (68)	<0.001
	Were antibiotics de-escalated? (Yes)	4.3% (2)	91.7% (55)	<0.001
	Was the treatment rationale documented correctly? (Yes)	9.5% (4)	85.4% (41)	<0.001
	Were guidelines followed within the first 72 h of therapy? (Yes)	2.6% (1)	88.2% (45)	<0.001
	Were recommendations followed for definitive therapy? (Yes)	0	91.7% (55)	<0.001