A1M	α1-microglobulin.
ACR	albumin–creatinine ratio
AFB1	aflatoxin-B1
AKI	acute kidney injury
B2M	β2- macroglobulin
BUN	blood urea nitrogen
CKD	chronic kidney disease
CKDu	chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology
CLU	clusterin
CysC	cystatin-C
DALYS	disability-adjusted life years
eGFR	estimated glomerular filtration rate
FDA	food and drug administration
FN1	fibronectin- 1
GCLC	glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic
GFR	glomerular filtration rate
GSTM1	glutathione-S-transferase mu 1
HGF	hepatocyte growth factor
HIV	human immune virus
IGFBP	insulin-like growth factor binding protein
IL-18	interleukin-18
KDIGO	Kidney disease: improving global outcomes
KIM-1	kidney injury molecule -1
L-FABP	liver type fatty acid binding protein
KLK1	kallikrein-1
NAG	N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase
NGAL	neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin
NIH	National Institutes of Health
NLR	nod-like receptor
NLRP3	NLR family pyrin domain containing 3
OPN	osteopontin
Pi-GST	glutathione S-transferase
RBP	retinol binding protein
RRT	renal replacement therapy
SCR	serum creatinine
TIMP-2	tissue inhibitor metalloproteinase-2
uNGAL	urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin
μUNPD	micro-urine nano particle detection