Table 1.
Dependence of the dissolution of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) in IL/DMSO binary mixtures on the molecular structure of the IL, the temperature, and the mole fraction of DMSO in the starting binary solvent a.
| AlBzMe2NAcO | C3OMeImAcO | DBUHAcO | TMGHAcO | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Temperature (°C) | χDMSO | MCC-m% b | MCC-χ b | MCC-m% b | MCC-χ b | MCC-m% b | MCC-χ b | MCC-m% b | MCC-χ b |
| 40 | 0.4 | 0.0 c,d | 0.0 | 14.5 c,d | 13.7 | 0.0 c,d | 0.0 | 1.3 c,d | 1.1 |
| 40 | 0.4 | 0.0 c | 0.0 c | 14.8 | 13.8 | 0.0 c | 0.0 c | 1.4 | 1.1 |
| 60 | 0.4 | 2.6 | 2.5 | 18.0 | 16.9 | 3.2 | 2.9 | 4.5 | 3.8 |
| 80 | 0.4 | 4.0 | 4.3 | 22.0 | 20.8 | 5.8 | 5.4 | 7.4 | 6.3 |
| 80 | 0.4 | 4.3 | 4.5 | 22.2 | 21.0 | 5.5 | 5.0 | 7.1 | 6.0 |
| 40 | 0.6 | 6.2 | 5.5 | 15.3 | 12.4 | 2.2 | 1.7 | 3.4 | 2.4 |
| 60 | 0.6 | 9.3 | 8.2 | 19.9 | 16.2 | 7.5 | 5.9 | 6.9 | 5.1 |
| 60 | 0.6 | 9.6 | 8.4 | 19.0 | 15.4 | 7.6 | 6.1 | 6.7 | 4.9 |
| 60 | 0.6 | 9.5 | 8.5 | 19.9 | 16.3 | 7.6 | 6.1 | 6.9 | 5.1 |
| 60 | 0.6 | 9.6 | 8.4 | 19.0 | 15.4 | 7.9 | 6.2 | 7.0 | 5.1 |
| 80 | 0.6 | 12.8 | 11.3 | 23.5 | 19.4 | 8.7 | 6.9 | 5.4 | 3.9 |
| 40 | 0.8 | 10.3 | 7.2 | 7.0 | 4.5 | 1.9 | 1.2 | 1.4 | 0.8 |
| 40 | 0.8 | 10.0 | 7.0 | 6.7 | 4.3 | 1.4 | 0.9 | 1.4 | 0.8 |
| 60 | 0.8 | 9.3 | 6.4 | 13.0 | 8.7 | 2.9 | 1.8 | 1.9 | 1.1 |
| 80 | 0.8 | 10.2 | 7.1 | 15.0 | 10.1 | 4.1 | 2.7 | 3.4 | 2.0 |
| 80 | 0.8 | 10.0 | 7.2 | 15.8 | 10.6 | 4.0 | 2.6 | 3.4 | 2.0 |
a Abbreviations: AlBzMe2NAcO, allylbenzyldimethylammonium acetate; C3OMeImAcO, 1-(2-methoxyethyl)-3-methylimidazolium acetate; DBUAHcO, 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene-8-ium acetate; TMGAHcO, tetramethylguanidinium acetate; DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide; IL, ionic liquid; MCC, microcrystalline cellulose. b MCC-m% is the percentage mass fraction of dissolved cellulose = (cellulose mass/(cellulose mass + mass of (LI+DMSO)) × 100. MCC-χ is the mole fraction of dissolved cellulose, calculated as hydroglucose units = (number of AGU moles/(number of AGU moles + number of IL moles + number of DMSO moles)). Based on the results of the central points for which we had more data points, we calculated the uncertainty from: ((MCC-m%)maximum − (MCC-m%)minimum/(MCC-m%)maximum ) × 100. The following are the uncertainties calculated: 3%, AlBzMe2NAcO; 4.5%, C3OMeImAcO; 5%, DBUHAcO; 4.3%, TMGHAcO. c In this experiment, MCC did not dissolve completely after the first biopolymer addition, after 3 h. d The following calculated values of the medium empirical polarity (cellobiose + IL + DMSO) and ET(WB) are listed in the following order: ionic liquid, temperature, and ET(WB) in kcal/mol for χDMSO = 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8, respectively. AlBzMe2NAcO: 40 °C, 57.2, 56.8, 56.4; 60 °C, 56.4, 56.0, 55.5; 80 °C, 55.1, 54.8, 54.4. C3OMeImAcO: 40 °C, 59.9, 59.0, 57.4; 60 °C, 58.2, 57.5, 56.3; 80 °C, 55.2, 54.5, 53.3. DBUHAcO: 40 °C, 57.7, 57.5, 57.2; 60 °C, 56.7, 56.4, 55.8; 80 °C, 55.0, 54.8, 54.5. TMGHAcO: 40 °C, 58.4, 58.2, 57.5; 60 °C, 58.2, 57.8, 57.2; 80 °C, 57.8, 57.3, 56.8.