Table 1.

Non-exhaustive list of changes in lipid metabolism associated with resistance to anticancer treatments.

Cancer		Resistance to Drugs		Lipid Metabolism Reprogramming in Resistant Cells
Type	Model	Drug	Drug Target	Pathway	Mechanism	Reference
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma	In vitro and in vivo xenografts	Gemcitabine	Thymidylate synthetase inhibition	Increased lipogenesis	Increased FASN expression	[43]
Ovarian cancer	In vitro cell lines and primary cells	Cisplatin	DNA binding	Increased lipogenesis	Increased FASN expression	[44]
Breast cancer	In vitro			Increased lipogenesis	Increased FASN expression	[45]
Bladder cancer	In vitro			Increased lipogenesis	Increased cytosolic ACSS2 expression	[46]
Ovarian cancer	In vitro and in vivo xenografts	Carboplatin	DNA binding	Increased lipolysis	Adipocyte-Induced FABP4 Expression	[47]
Breast cancer	In vitro cell lines and patient tissue and in vivo	Paclitaxel	Antimicrotubule agent	Increased lipolysis	High mRNA levels of CPT1B and FAO	[48]
Breast cancer	In vitro	Radiation therapy	DNA double strand breaks	Increased lipolysis	High CPT1A andCPT2 expression and increased FAO	[49]
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma	In vitro cell lines and tissue assay			Increased lipolysis	High CPT1A expression and increased FAO	[50]
Head and Neck Squamous Cell Cancer	In vitro			Increased lipogenesis and decreased lipolysis	Increased FASN expression	[51]
AML	In vitro primary cells and in vivo patient derived xenografts	Cytarabine	Nucleoside analogue of cytosine	Increased lipolysis	Increased CD36 expression	[52]
Acute myeloid leukemia	In vitro	Mitoxantrone	Type II topoisomerase inhibitor	Increased lipogenesis and lipolysis	Increased lipid droplets and increased OXPHOS	[53]
Breast cancer	In vitro	Doxorubicin and mitoxantrone	DNA binding and type II topoisomerase inhibitor	Increased lipogenesis	Increased FASN expression	[54]
Burkitt lymphoma	In vitro	Bortezomib	Inhibition of the 26S proteasome	Increased lipogenesis	Induction of a GGPP-dependent survival pathway	[55]
Melanoma	In vitro and in vivo xenografts	BRAFi and MEKi	Selective inhibitors of mutated BRAF/MEK	Increased lipolysis	Increased peroxisomal β-oxidation	[30]
Non-small cell lung cancer	In vitro and in vivo xenografts	Gefitinib	Inhibitor of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase	Increased lipogenesis	Increased membrane fluidity by high lipid droplet content and SCD1 expression	[41]
	In vitro and in vivo xenografts			Increased lipogenesis	High cholesterol level in lipid rafts	[56]
Breast cancer	In vitro			Increased lipogenesis	EGFR sequestrated within plasma membrane cholesterol lipid rafts	[57]
Breast cancer	In vitro and in vivo xenografts	Lapatinib	Inhibitor of EGFR/HER1 and HER2 receptors	Unknown	Increased adipocyte lipolysis	[58]
Breast cancer	In vitro	Trastuzumab	Inhibitor of HER2 receptors	Increased lipogenesis	Increased FAS promoter	[59]
Breast cancer	In vitro	Tamoxifen	Inhibitor of oestrogen receptors (ERs)	Increased lipogenesis	Increased cholesterol pathway gene expression	[60]
Multiple cancer models	In vitro and in vivo xenografts	Anti-Angiogenic drugs	Inhibitors of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)	Increased lipolysis	Increased FFA uptake and FAO induced by hypoxia	[61]