Figure 5.

Expression of genes related to osteogenesis and bone turnover in BM-MSCs grown on titanium surfaces. BM-MSCs were cultured on multi-phosphonate (MP)-coated, sand-blasted, and acid-etched reference surfaces (R1, R2) and tissue culture plastic (TCP) for 48 and 120 h, and the expression of ALP, OC, Col1, OPG, and RANKL was assessed by quantitative real-time PCR. Y-axis represents n-fold expression related to BM-MSCs on TCP determined using the 2^−ΔΔCt method, using GAPDH as a housekeeping gene. Data are shown as the mean ± S.E.M of four experiments that were conducted independently.