AA	Anaplastic Astrocytoma
AKT	Protein kinase B (pathway)
ALT	Alternative lengthening of telomeres
AML	Acute myeloid leukemia
ARX	Aristaless Related Homeobox protein/gene
ATM	Ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T) mutated protein
ATP	Adenosine triphosphate
ATRX	Alpha-thalassemia/mental retardation, X-linked protein
AURKA	Aurora Kinase A
BBB	Blood–brain barrier
BRAF	v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1 gene/protein
CDK	Cyclin Dependent Kinase
CDKN2A	Cyclin Dependent Kinase Inhibitor 2A gene
CENP-A	Centromere protein A
Chk1	Checkpoint kinase 1
CNA	Copy number alteration
CNS	Central nervous system
DAXX	Death domain-associated protein
DDR	DNA damage response
DLX	Distal-less homeobox gene
DNA	Deoxyribonucleic acid
EGFR	Epidermal growth factor receptor protein
EOR	Extent of resection
ERK	Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (pathway)
FDA	U.S. Food and Drug Administration
FOXA1	Forkhead Box A1 protein
FOXG1	Forkhead box G1 protein
GAP	GTPase-activating protein
GDP	Guanosine 5′-diphosphate
GBM	Glioblastoma
GOF	Gain of function
GTP	Guanosine-5′-triphosphate
Gy	Gray, unit of ionizing radiation dose in the International System of Units (SI)
HDAC	Histone deacetylase
HIRA	Histone cell cycle regulator protein
HGG	High-grade glioma
HR	Homologous recombination
IDH1	Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1
KDM4	Histone lysine demethylase 4
LGG	Low-grade glioma
MAPK	Mitogen-activated protein kinase (pathway)
MDM	Mouse double minute homolog
MGMT	O-6-Methylguanine-DNA Methyltransferase
MOMP	Mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization
MMR	Mismatch repair
MSI	Microsatellite instability
mTOR	Mammalian target of rapamycin pathway
MYCN	N-myc proto-oncogene protein
NBS	Non-brainstem
NF1	Neurofibromin 1 protein/gene
NHEJ	Non-homologous end joining
NPC	Neural precursor cell
NSC	Neural stem cell
NSD	Nuclear receptor-binding SET domain protein
OLIG	Oligodendrocyte lineage gene
OPC	Oligodendrocyte precursor
PCR2	Polycomb repressive complex 2
PDGF	Platelet-derived growth factor
pHGG	Pediatric high-grade glioma
PI3K	Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (pathway)
PIP3	Phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate
PLC/PKC	Phospholipase C/Protein kinase C pathway
Pol II	RNA Polymerase 2
POU3F2	POU class 3 homeobox 2 protein
PTEN	Phosphatase and tensin homolog
PTM	Posttranslational modification
PXA	Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma
Rb	Retinoblastoma (pathway)
RTK	Receptor tyrosine kinase
Sc-RNAseq	Single cell RNA sequencing
SETD2	SET Domain Containing 2 protein
SVZ	Subventricular zone
TERT	Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase
TP53	Tumor suppressor protein 53 (also P53)
Trk	Tropomyosin receptor kinase
UV	Ultraviolet
WAF1	Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1 protein
WHO	World Health Organization
Wt	Wild type