Table 3.
Effects of isoflavones in cardiovascular disease-related markers.
| Authors | Number of Studies Included | Type of Studies Included | Number of Participants and Gender/Age/Characteristics | Compound and Doses | Observed Effects |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Meta-analysis | |||||
| Kim and Je, 2017 [56] | 13 | Prospective studies | 338,541 participants Age ranging from 40–84 years Follow-up period from 4 to 28 years |
Intake data not provided | No association with mortality from CVD |
| Yan et al., 2017 [57] | 17 | Prospective cohort and case-control studies | 508,841 participants, 17,269 with CVD events (stroke, coronary heart disease, ischemic stroke) Follow-up period from 6.3 to 16 years |
Isoflavones 0.025–53.6 mg/day | No associations between soy isoflavones consumption and risk of cardiovascular disease, stroke, and coronary heart disease |
| Abshirini et al., 2020 [58] | 5 | Randomized clinical trials | 548 participants (272 case and 276 controls) Age not available |
Isoflavones 49.3–118 mg/day Intervention period: 1–12 months |
Non-significant change in flow-mediated dilation (parameter of endothelial function) |
| Man et al., 2020 [59] | 8 | Various designs (double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel design, crossover design) | 485 participants (276 women and 209 men) Age ranging from 35–75 years |
Isoflavones 80–118 mg/day and 10 mg/day of S-equol Intervention period: 1 day–12 weeks |
Positive effect of soy isoflavones on arterial stiffness |
| Systematic reviews | |||||
| Perna et al., 2016 [52] | 12 | Randomized clinical trials | 139–1268 menopausal and postmenopausal women | Isoflavones 20 to 100 mg/day Intervention period: 8 weeks–2 years |
Reduction in total cholesterol and triglyceride plasma concentrations Reduction in nitric oxide and malonaldehyde |
| Chalvon-Demersay et al., 2017 [60] | 17 3 |
Randomized clinical trials; nutritional intervention |
337 healthy, diabetic or hypercholesterolemic individuals Age: 18–74 years 406 healthy, postmenopausal or obese participants Age: 50–79 years |
Isoflavones 3 to 102 mg/day Intervention period: 4–208 weeks Isoflavones 60 to 135 mg/day Intervention period: 3–12 months |
Reduction in total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol Changes in systolic or diastolic blood pressure (increase and decrease, depending on the study) |
| Rienks et al., 2017 [61] | 3 | Prospective studies | 68,748 individuals Age: 40–70 years |
Follow-up period: up to 10 years | Decreased risk of acute coronary syndrome or coronary heart disease No association with ischemic stroke |
CVD: cardiovascular disease, LDL: low-density lipoprotein.