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. 2020 Dec 21;10(12):366. doi: 10.3390/life10120366

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© 2020 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Lentiviral vector and virus-like particles. (A) Structure of the HIV-1 genome and its encoded proteins. (B) Proteins encoded by Gag and Pol genes. The cleavage sites for the protease (Pro) encoded by the Pol gene are indicated by arrows. (C) Diagram illustrating normal lentiviral vector. The presence of long terminal repeat (LTR) in the RNA genome, reverse transcriptase and integrase make it possible to integrate the DNA into the host cell genome. (D) Diagram illustrating mRNA-delivering VLPs. The mRNA does not contain LTR so that reverse transcription cannot happen. The mRNA can only serve as the template for translation. (E) Diagram illustrating protein- or RNP-delivering VLPs. The RNA, if present, does not contain LTR so that reverse transcription cannot happen.