Table 2.
Group (Figure 4) | Effect | PMN-EV Induction Stimulus | Target | References | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
A | No effect | apoptosis | PMN | [86] | |
[89] | |||||
Monocyte/macrophage | [87] | ||||
[91] | |||||
T-cell | [90] | ||||
Anti-inflammatory | Monocyte/macrophage | [88] | |||
Pro-coagulant | Coagulation | [86] | |||
B | Anti-inflammatory | spontaneous release | Monocyte/macrophage | [85] | |
PMN | [86] | ||||
Pro-coagulant | Coagulation | [86] | |||
C | 1 | Anti-inflammatory | fMLP | Monocyte/macrophage | [92] |
[95] | |||||
[93] | |||||
[104] | |||||
[94] | |||||
C5a | [94] | ||||
TNFα | [118] | ||||
fMLP, IL-8 | NK | [96] | |||
PAF | PMN | [97] | |||
Pro-inflammatory | fMLP | Endothelium/HUVEC | [99] | ||
[98] | |||||
[100] | |||||
[101] | |||||
LPS | [114] | ||||
TNFα | [137] | ||||
TNFa, GM-CSF, IFN-γ | [102] | ||||
fMLP + GM-CSF | PMN | [112] | |||
C5a | [121] | ||||
fMLP+LPS | Phagocytes | [113] | |||
Pro-coagulant | fMLP | Coagulation | [98] | ||
TNFα + ANCA | [137] | ||||
LPS | [117] | ||||
[116] | |||||
2 | Anti-inflammatory | fMLP | Monocyte/macrophage | [97] | |
Pro-inflammatory | Phagocytes | [106] | |||
Endothelium/HUVEC | [104] | ||||
[103] | |||||
3 | Pro-inflammatory | fMLP | Endothelium/HUVEC | [108] | |
[111] | |||||
[102] | |||||
4 | Pro-inflammatory | ops. zymosan | PMN | [86] | |
Bacteria | [149] | ||||
ops. bacteria | Bacteria | [124] | |||
ops. fungi | Fungi | [122] | |||
M. tuberculosis | Monocyte/macrophage | [105] | |||
Anti-inflammatory | [85] |