Ag NPs	Silver nanoparticles
AuPt NCs	Gold–platinum nanocauliflowers
DMEM	Dulbecco’s modified eagle medium
EDS	Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy
EGFR	Epidermal growth factor receptor
FBS	Fetal bovine serum
FEG	Field emission gun
Gd NPs	Gadolinium nanoparticles
HAADF	High-angle annular dark-field detector
HEPES	4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid
MTS	3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium
PBS	Pencil beam scanning
PT	Proton therapy
Pt NPs	Platinum nanoparticles
RBE	Relative biological effectiveness
ROS	Reactive oxygen species
SAED	Selected area electron diffraction
STEM	Scanning transmission electron microscopy