Table 1.
Characteristics of studies included in the systematic review.
| Reference/Year/Country | Description of Treatment | Characteristics of The Intervention and of the Study Group | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Study Objective | Blinding | Duration of Administration (Days) | ROB * | Commercial Name of Product Containing P. Incarnata | Passiflora Dose | Comparator | n Total Randomized/Analyzed | Age Years (Mean) | Males (%) | |
| Akhondzadeh et al., 2001 (Iran) [12] | Comparative efficacy of Passiflora incarnata extract with oxazepam in the treatment of systemic anxiety disorder | DB | 28 | 5 | Passipay (Iran, Darouk) |
45 drops/day | Placebo + oxazepam (30 mg/day) | 36/32 | 19–47 # | 44.4 |
| Aslanargun et al., 2012 (Turkey) [13] | Effects of preoperative oral administration of Passiflora incarnata on anxiety, psychomotor functions, sedation and hemodynamics in patients undergoing spinal anesthesia | DB | 1 | 4 |
Passiflora Syrup (Sandoz, Kocaeli, Turkey) |
700 mg/5 mL | Placebo | 60/60 | 25–55 # | 86.6 |
| Azimaraghi et al., 2017 (Iran) [14] | The efficacy of Passiflora incarnata to reduce preoperative anxiety in comparison to oxazepam | DB | NA | 7 | Passipy™ (Iran Darouk) |
500 mg | Oxazepam (10 mg) | 128/128 | 36.77 | 57.8 |
| Dantas et al., 2017 (Brazil) [15] | The influence of Passiflora incarnata and midazolam on the control of anxiety in patients exposed to the extraction of the third mandibular molar tooth | DB, CO | 15-30 | 7 | Passiflora incarnata | 260 mg | Midazolam (15 mg) | 40/40 | 23.94 | 32.5 |
| Dimpfel et al., 2011 (Germany) [16] | Explanation of the effectiveness of the preparation by analysis of current density (CFD) of brain activity in the presence of various mental challenges | SB, CO | 1 | 4 | NEURAPAS® | 192 mg of P. incarnata extract | Placebo | 16/16 | 47.85 | 50 |
| Kaviani et al., 2013 (Iran) [17] | Determining the effectiveness of passion flower application in reducing anxiety during dental procedures | SB | 2 | 4 | Passipay (Iran, Darouk) |
40 drops/day | Placebo | 63/63 | 34.07 | 38.1 |
| Kaviani et al., 2013 (Iran) [17] | Determining the effectiveness of passion flower application in reducing anxiety during dental procedures | SB | 2 | 4 | Passipay (Iran, Darouk) |
40 drops/day | Negative group | 63/63 | 34.07 | 38.1 |
| Movafegh et al., 2008 (Iran) [6] | Effectiveness of Passiflora in reducing preoperative anxiety | DB | 1 | 7 | Passipy™ (Iran Darouk) |
500 mg | Placebo | 60/60 | 31.85 | 50 |
| Ngan and Conduit, 2011 (Australia) [18] | To test the effectiveness of the Passiflora infusion on human sleep, measured by means of sleep logs approved by polysomnography | DB | 22 | 6 | Tea bags (Hilde Hemmes’ HerbalSupplies Pty Ltd.; SA, Australia) |
infusion (2 g in 250 mL water; concentration 0.8%) | Placebo | 41/41 | 22.73 | 34.1 |
| Rokhtabnak et al., 2017 (Iran) [19] | Effects of Passiflora incarnata and melatonin on cognitive functions and sedative effect without causing cognitive disturbance | DB | 1 | 7 | Passiflora incarnata | 1000 mg (prepared and packed by Department of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Iran) |
Melatonin (6 mg) |
64/52 | 20–60 # | 44.2 |
Notes: #—range; *—the risk of bias (ROB), shown in numbers; DB—double blind; SB—single blind; CO—cross-over; NA—not available.