Table 1.
Demographic data, clinical characteristics and epidemiologic features of our study cohort.
| Data are n (%) if Not Indicated Differently |
All Patients (n = 69) |
Non-IV-Group (n = 46) |
IV-Group (n = 23) |
p-Values |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clinical and demographic data | ||||
| Age in years; median (95% CI)/ mean (SD) |
62 (58.4–65.6)/ 61.0 (15.3) |
61 (56.6–65.4)/ 61.5 (15.2) |
64 (57.5–70.5)/ 60.2 (15.8) |
0.944 |
| Sex: | <0.001 | |||
| Male | 47 (68.0) | 25 (54.0) | 22 (96.0) | |
| Female | 22 (32.0) | 21 (46.0) | 1 (4.0) | |
| Underlying disease: | 57 (82.6) | 36 (78.3) | 21 (91.3) | 0.985 |
| Cardiovascular | 40 (70.2) | 23 (63.9) | 17 (81.0) | |
| Respiratory | 13 (22.8) | 7 (19.4) | 6 (28.6) | |
| Immunologic/endocrinologic | 14 (24.6) | 8 (22.2) | 6 (28.6) | |
| Obesity (BMI > 30) | 8 (14.0) | 5 (13.9) | 3 (14.3) | |
| No disease known: | 12 (17.4) | 10 (21.7) | 2 (8.7) | 0.178 |
|
Laboratory data on admission in mean (SD) |
||||
| CRP (mg/dL) | 7.6 (8.2) | 5.5 (6.1) | 11.9 (9.9) | 0.004 |
| Procalcitonin (ng/mL) | 1.0 (3.5) | 0.2 (0.5) | 2.4 (5.6) | 0.032 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.1 (0.8) | 0.9 (0.5) | 1.5 (1.0) | 0.490 |
| LDH (U/L) | 374.0 (208.5) | 326.2 (209.0) | 469.6 (171.6) | <0.001 |
| Leucocytes (×109/L) | 11.5 (36.5) | 5.8 (2.9) | 22.7 (61.0) | 0.912 |
| Lymphocytes (×109/L) | 1.1 (0.6) | 1.1 (0.7) | 1.0 (0.3) | 0.849 |
| IL-6 (ng/L) | 884.6 (197.8) | 34.1 (31.6) | 482.3 (1351.2) | <0.001 |
| INR | 1.0 (0.1) | 1.0 (0.2) | 1.0 (0.1) | 0.904 |
| aPTT (seconds) | 29.2 (4.6) | 29.3 (4.9) | 28.9 (4.0) | 0.803 |
| D-dimer (mg/L) | 2.1 (4.5) | 1.5 (1.8) | 3.3 (7.1) | 0.280 |
| Symptoms on admission | ||||
| Dry cough | 49 (71.0) | 33 (71.7) | 16 (69.6) | 0.851 |
| Fever | 56 (81.2) | 37 (80.4) | 19 (82.6) | 1 |
| Sore throat/loss of taste | 13 (18.8) | 9 (19.6) | 4 (17.4) | 1 |
| Reduced general condition | 45 (65.2) | 31 (67.4) | 14 (60.9) | 0.592 |
| Limb pain/chills | 13 (18.8) | 8 (17.4) | 5 (21.7) | 0.663 |
| Retrosternal/chest pain | 11 (15.9) | 9 (19.6) | 2 (8.7) | 0.314 |
| Dyspnea | 37 (53.6) | 22 (47.8) | 15 (65.2) | 0.172 |
| Diarrhea/nausea/vomiting | 24 (34.8) | 17 (37.0) | 7 (30.4) | 0.592 |
| Dizziness/syncope/headache | 10 (14.5) | 6 (13.0) | 4 (17.4) | 0.721 |
| Symptoms onset | ||||
| Week of symptoms; mean (SD) | 1.9 (0.75) | 1.7 (0.73) | 2.4 (0.75) | 0.010 |
| Outcome parameters | ||||
| Length of hospital stay (days) | 21.0 (32.4) | 9.7 (7.6) | 43.6 (47.7) | <0.001 |
| In-hospital mortality | 7 (10.1) | 2 (4.3) | 5 (21.7) | 0.039 |
| Time from admission to intubation (days) | - | - | 2.9 (3.1) |
IV = Invasive ventilation group; non-IV = No/non-invasive ventilation group; significant results are highlighted in bold; subcategories are italicized; cardiovascular diseases: arterial hypertension, pulmonary hypertension, coronary heart disease, aortal aneurysm, valvular hearth disease, cardiomyopathies, cardiac arrhythmia, hypercholesterinemia; pulmonary diseases: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, recurrent pneumonia, interstitial lung diseases, nicotine abuse; immunologic/endocrinologic diseases: diabetes mellitus, immune suppression (HIV, chemotherapy).