Table 2.
Computed tomography (CT) and chest radiograph (CXR) imaging features of our study cohort.
| CT Features Data are n (%) if Not Indicated Differently |
All Patients (n = 69) |
No/Non-Invasive Ventilation Group (n = 46) |
Invasive Ventilation Group (n = 23) |
p-Values | Odds Ratios (OR) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Native high-resolution (HR-CT) protocol | 53 (76.8) | 39 (84.8) | 14 (60.9) | ||
| Contrast-enhanced (CE) pulmonary embolism protocol: | 16 (23.2) | 7 (15.2) | 9 (39.1) | ||
| Pulmonary embolism present | 3 (18.6) | 2 (28.6) | 1 (11.1) | 0.550 | |
| Imaging findings | |||||
| Ground glass opacities (GGOs) | 63 (91.3) | 40 (87.0) | 23 (100.0) | 0.168 | -* |
| Consolidations | 37 (53.6) | 25 (54.3) | 12 (52.2) | 0.864 | 0.91 |
| Crazy paving | 22 (31.9) | 14 (30.4) | 8 (34.8) | 0.715 | 1.11 |
| Subpleural bands | 24 (34.8) | 12 (26.1) | 12 (52.2) | 0.032 | 3.09 |
| Air bronchogram | 32 (46.4) | 20 (43.5) | 12 (52.2) | 0.495 | 2.60 |
| Architectural distortion/emphysema | 16 (23.2) | 13 (28.3) | 3 (13.0) | 0.158 | 1.24 |
| Bronchial wall thickening/mucus-plugging | 5 (7.2) | 4 (8.7) | 1 (4.3) | 0.511 | 0.48 |
| Reticulations | 9 (13.0) | 5 (10.9) | 4 (17.4) | 0.448 | 1.73 |
| Lymph node enlargement | 8 (11.6) | 7 (15.2) | 10 (43.5) | 0.010 | 4.30 |
| Pulmonary hypertension | 11 (15.9) | 5 (10.9) | 6 (26.1) | 0.104 | 1.59 |
| Cardiomegaly | 7 (10.1) | 2 (4.3) | 5 (21.7) | 0.037 | 6.92 |
| Coronary artery disease | 27 (39.1) | 15 (32.6) | 12 (52.2) | 0.116 | 2.27 |
| Pericardial effusion | 3 (4.3) | 2 (4.3) | 1 (4.3) | 1.000 | 1.0 |
| Pleural effusion | 5 (7.2) | 1 (2.2) | 4 (17.4) | 0.039 | 9.55 |
| Distribution | |||||
| Number of lobes; mean (SD) |
4.04 (1.7) | 3.5 (1.9) | 4.9 (0.6) | 0.008 | |
| Regional distribution: | |||||
| Bilateral | 56 (81.2) | 34 (74.0) | 22 (95.7) | 0.241 | |
| Unilateral | 8 (11.6) | 7 (15.2) | 1 (4.3) | ||
| Craniocaudal distribution: | |||||
| Upper lobe predominance | 7 (10.1) | 6 (13.0) | 1 (4.3) | 0.004 | |
| Lower lobe predominance | 30 (43.5) | 24 (52.2) | 6 (26.1) | ||
| Both upper and lower lobes | 27 (39.1) | 11 (24.0) | 16 (69.6) | ||
| Transverse distribution: | |||||
| Peripheral predominance | 49 (71.0) | 35 (76.1) | 14 (60.9) | 0.055 | |
| Central predominance | 2 (2.9) | 1 (2.2) | 1 (4.3) | ||
| Both central and peripheral | 13 (18.8) | 5 (10.9) | 8 (34.8) | ||
| Spread: | |||||
| Focal | 6 (8.7) | 5 (10.9) | 1 (4.3) | <0.001 | |
| Multifocal | 42 (60.9) | 33 (71.7) | 8 (34.8) | ||
| Diffuse | 17 (24.6) | 3 (6.5) | 14 (60.9) | ||
| No CT findings | 5 (7.2) | 5 (10.9) | 0 (0.0) | ||
| CT lung involvement score (0-20); mean (SD) | 13.01 (6.5) | 10.76 (6.6) | 17.52 (3.0) | <0.001 | |
| CXR present 48 h < or > of CT scan | 31 (44.9) | 11 (23.9) | 20 (87.0) | ||
| Indicative signs for pulmonary involvement | 27 (87.1) | 7 (63.6) | 20 (100.0) | 0.010 |
IV = Invasive ventilation group; non-IV = No/non-invasive ventilation group; significant results are highlighted in bold; subcategories are italicized; * not available due to 100% presence of GGOs in IV-group.