Figure 1.

(A) Loss of temporal gating of IL-6 cytokine response in serum and macrophages from Rev-erb^+/+ and Rev-erb^α−/− in response to LPS. Adapted from Gibbs et al. [15]; (B) molecular regulation of cytokines and oxidant response in inflammatory cells by circadian clock proteins. BMAL1 and REV-ERBα control the inflammatory response by down-regulating NF-κB-mediated transcription in inflammatory cells. In addition, BMAL1 regulates the IL-1β response in macrophages via a NRF2-dependent suppression of ROS and HIF-1α. Finally, the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β is able to disrupt β cell clocks by altering the expression of the NAD⁺ dependent deacetylase SIRT1.