Table 3.
Chair stand test, handgrip strength, Mini-BESTest, thigh extensors and flexors strength results. Values are expressed as mean ± SD and (95% CI). Data were assessed by paired t-test (differences between PRE and POST within groups) and unpaired t-test (differences between groups). Level of significance was set at 0.05. The magnitude of changes was analyzed by Effect Size. EXE: experimental group; CON: control group; Δ: change PRE to POST; p: p-value; ES: effect size.
| Variable | Within-Group Differences | Between-Group Differences | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EXE | CON | EXE | CON | |||||||||
| PRE | POST | p | ES | PRE | POST | p | ES | Δ ± SD | Δ ± SD | p | ES | |
| Chair-stand-test (rep) | 14 ± 2 (11–16) |
16 ± 3 (13–19) |
0.048 | 1.0 | 14 ± 4 (7–19) |
15 ± 3 (10–20) |
0.215 | 0.3 | 2.6 ± 2.1 (0.1–5.2) |
1.5 ± 1.9 (−1.5–4.5) |
0.441 | 0.5 |
| Handgrip strength (kg) | 30.4 ± 7.5 (21.2–39.7) |
28.2 ± 9.7 (16.1–40.2) |
0.417 | 0.3 | 23.8 ± 4.3 (16.9–39.7) |
23.3 ± 3.6 (17.6–29.0) |
0.468 | ≤0.2 | −2.3 ± 5.6 (−9.2–4.6) |
−0.5 ± 1.3 (−2.4–1.5) |
0.556 | 0.4 |
| Mini-BESTest (score) | 25 ± 3 (22–28) |
26 ± 1 (25–27) |
0.260 | 0.3 | 25 ± 4 (18.6–30.4) |
25 ± 3 (20.2–29.3) |
0.637 | ≤0.2 | 1.2 ± 2.1 (−1.4–3.7) |
0.3 ± 0.9 (−1.3–1.8) |
0.425 | 0.4 |
| Thigh extensors strength (n) | 333 ± 96 (214–453) |
329 ± 93 (213–445) |
0.825 | ≤0.2 | 242 ± 109 (68.5–415.3) |
264 ± 102 (102.2–426.4) |
0.591 | 0.2 | −4.4 ± 42.3 (−57.0–48.2) |
−1.5 ± 48.2 (−78.2–75.2) |
0.926 | ≤0.2 |
| Thigh flexors strength (n) | 176 ± 49 (115–237) |
178 ± 51 (115–241) |
0.931 | ≤0.2 | 164 ± 43 (96.1–231.3) |
140 ± 44 (70.3–208.7) |
0.09 | 0.6 | 2.1 ± 49.9 (−59.9–64.1) |
−35.3 ± 14.9 (−59.1–11.6) |
0.272 | 0.7 |