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. 2020 Dec 20;21(24):9739. doi: 10.3390/ijms21249739

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© 2020 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

PMC Copyright notice

Roles of MMPs and TIMPs in the pathogenesis of human inflammatory diseases. Abnormal regulation and expression of MMPs and TIMPs within specific tissues is related to the development of inflammatory-related diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, psoriasis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. At the cellular level, the transcription of MMPs and TIMPs is regulated by growth factors, cytokines, and cell–extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions that can induce the activation of signaling pathways, including phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), jun proto-oncogene–fos proto-oncogene/activator protein 1 (Jun-Fos/AP-1), mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase (mTOR), and the janus kinase–signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) pathway. Their abnormal activation may generate tissue breakdown. Some elements of this figure were taken from the Mind the Graph platform, available at www.mindthegraph.com. ↑ Means overexpressed.