Table 1.
Studies referring to diastolic function in diabetics.
| First Author/Study Name | Study Population | Features Studied | Endpoints |
|---|---|---|---|
| Joergensen, et al. (Diab Vasc Dis Res. 2016) |
1030 DM2 | Clinical, electrocardiographic, echocardiographic (LVMI, LVEF, LAVi, E/e’, TAPSE), biochemical parameters (HbA1c, lipid profile, creatinine, urine albumin). | Echocardiographic abnormalities are common in DM2, independently of clinical biochemical characteristics. |
| Ashour, et al. (J Heart Cardiovasc Res. 2018) |
86 DM vs 65 age and sex matched controls | Clinical, echocardiographic (LVESD, LVEDD, LVEF, LAVI, E/A ratio, E/e’, TR Velocity) and biochemical parameters (HbA1c). | Diastolic dysfunction can occur even in young subjects in the short term after DM manifestation. |
| Romano, et al. (Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2010) |
127 DM2 | Clinical, echocardiographic (LVESD, LVEDD, LVEF, LVMI, E/A ratio, DT, S/D) and biochemical parameters (HbA1c, creatinine, urine albumin, BNP). | BNP may discriminate asymptomatic patients manifesting impaired diastolic function among uncontrolled diabetics. |
| Celentano, et al. (Am J Cardiol. 1995) |
25 normoglycemia 15 IGT 24 NIDDM. |
Clinical, echocardiographic (LVESD, LVEDD, LVEF, LVFS, LVMI, E/A ratio, DRWT) and biochemical parameters (fasting Glucose, OGTT). | Both subjects with insulin resistance and diabetics are prone to develop abnormalities of left ventricular diastolic properties. |
| Kristensen, et al. (Circulation. 2017) (i-Preserve trial) |
1134 DM out of 4128 patients of i-Preserve trial | Clinical, electrocardiographic, echocardiographic (LV volumes LVEF, LVFS, LVMI, LAVI, E/A ratio, E/e’, DRWT, DT, IVRT, TR Velocity) and NT-proBNP. | Among patients with HFPEF, in diabetics we detect the most extensive echocardiographic and clinical deterioration, increased NT pro-BNP and the worst outcome. |
| Escaned, et al. (Rev Esp Cardiol. 2009) |
13 DM and CAD. | Echocardiographic (LVESD, LVEDD, LVEF, LVMI, E/A ratio, E/e’, DRWT, DT, IVRT), intracoronary echocardiographic (vessel diameter & area, luminal diameter & area, plaque volume) and hemodynamic parameters (intracoronary pressure & flow velocity, CFR). | In subjects with DM & coronary atherosclerosis, LV diastolic dysfunction is related to alterations in the coronary microcirculation. |
| Jensen, et al. (Diabetologia. 2019) (Thousand & 1 Study) |
1093 DM1 | Clinical, echocardiographic (LVESD, LVEDD, LVEF, E/A ratio, E/e’, GLS). | Echocardiography has an incremental role in hazard assessment of patients with DM type 1 and without a history of cardiovascular disease. |
| Kadappu, et al. (Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2012) |
73 DM vs age- and gender-matched controls | Clinical and echocardiographic parameters (LV volume, LVEF, LVMI, LAVI, E/A ratio, E/e’, DT, IVRT, LA global strain and strain rate, LA EF). | In subjects with DM, LA dilatation is the result of LA dysfunction, as detected by LA deformation study (speckle tracking echocardiography (STE)), regardless of the coexistence of hypertension or diastolic abnormality. |
CAD: Coronary Artery Disease, CFR; Coronary Flow Reserve, CV: Cardiovascular, DRWR: Diastolic Relative Wall Thickness, DM: Diabetes Mellitus, DT: Deceleration Time, EDV: End Diastolic Volume, ESV: End Systolic Volume, EF: Ejection Fraction, FS: Fractional Shortening, GLS: Global Longitudinal Strain, HbA1c: Hemoglobin A1c, IVRT: Isovolumic Relaxation Time, IGT: Impaired Glucose Tolerance, LA: Left Atrial, LAVI: Left Atrial Volume Index, LV: Left Ventricular, LVDF: Left Ventricular Diastolic Function, LVESD: Left Ventricular End Systolic Dimension, LVEDD: Left Ventricular End Diastolic Dimension, LVMI: Left Ventricular Mass Index, NIDDM: Non-Insulin dependent Diabetes Mellitus, NT-proBNP: N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide, OGTT: Oral Glucose Tolerance Test, S/D: Pulmonary Venous Systolic & Diastolic Flow Velocity, TAPSE: Tricuspid Annular Plane Systolic Excursion, TR: Tricuspid Regurgitation.