Figure 8.

DEP induces oxidative stress-mediated cytotoxicity in DEP-treated AM. (A) Cytotoxicity assessment by MTT assay. (B) ROS production was measured by DCF-DA staining. AM were subjected to DEP (1, 2, or 3 mg mL⁻¹). DCF-DA staining and the MTT assay were performed 3 h after DEP challenge. (C) NAC pretreatment inhibits oxidative stress in DEP-stimulated AM. ROS production was measured in living cells by DCF-DA staining using flow cytometry. AM were pretreated with H₂O₂ for 30 min and NAC for 2 h and were stimulated with DEP (3 mg mL⁻¹) for 3 h. Data are means ± SD (n = 3 per group). ^#p < 0.05, ^##p< 0.01, ^###p< 0.001 or vs. control; ^***p< 0.001 or vs. DEP group.