Table 3.
Logistic regression analysis for e-LOS (LOS ≥ 15 days). The univariate models include CCI or Clavien-Dindo as the only covariate. The multivariate models are adjusted for the following covariates: type of surgery (major vs. minor), open vs. laparoscopy, age (per year), ASA score (1–2 vs. 3–4), Child grade (A vs. B), and duration of surgery (>4 h vs. ≤4 h), center volume (high vs. medium or low). Patients died during hospital stay are excluded from all samples.
| Sample | Model | Derivation Set | Validation Set | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | AUC | AUC | ||
| Overall sample Derivation set n = 1331. Validation set n = 1304. |
CCI, per 10 unit increase Univariate model |
5.826 (4.402;7.709) | 96.1% | 87.7% |
| Clavien-Dindo, per category increase Univariate model |
5.298 (4.067;6.902) | 94.0% | 86.9% | |
| CCI, per 10 unit increase Multivariate model |
5.590 (4.201;7.438) | 96.4% | 89.3% | |
| Clavien-Dindo, per category increase Multivariate model |
5.507 (4.152;7.304) | 96.2% | 89.0% | |
| Subgroup of patients with at least two complications Derivation set n = 177. Validation set n = 154. |
CCI, per 10 unit increase Univariate model |
3.003 (2.085;4.327) | 83.0% | 67.1% |
| Clavien-Dindo, per category increase Univariate model |
2.638 (1.794;3.878) | 76.5% | 65.2% | |
| CCI, per 10 unit increase Multivariate model |
2.793 (1.896;4.115) | 85.0% | 67.3% | |
| Clavien-Dindo, per category increase Multivariate model |
2.439 (1.666;3.57) | 80.6% | 65.8% | |
LOS: Length of stay; CCI: Comprehensive complication index; OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval; AUC: Area under the curve.