Table A2.
Clinical characteristics, pronation timeline, and length of stay by 48 h improvement in PaO2/FiO2.
| Characteristic | Same or Decline (n = 12) |
48 h Improvement (n = 11) |
Total (n = 23) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||
| Age, Median (Range) | 58.5 (31, 65) | 55 (25, 75) | 57 (25, 75) |
| Sex, Female (%) | 3 (25) | 5 (45) | 8 (34.8) |
| BMI, Median (Range), kg/m2 | 30.9 (22.4, 45.0) | 30.8 (22.5, 39.8) | 30.8 (22.4, 45.0) |
| Race/Ethnicity, Count (% Distribution) | - | - | - |
| African American | 7 (58.3) | 5 (45.5) | 12 (52.2) |
| Hispanic | 4 (33.3) | 5 (45.5) | 9 (39.1) |
| American Indian | 0 | 1 (9.1) | 1 (4.3) |
| Asian | 1 (8.3) | 0 | 1 (4.3) |
| Symptoms and Comorbidities at Admission | |||
| Symptoms (%) | - | - | - |
| Dyspnea | 10 (83.3) | 11 (100) | 21 (91.3) |
| Fever | 10 (83.3) | 8 (72.7) | 18 (78.3) |
| Cough | 9 (75.0) | 6 (54.5) | 15 (65.2) |
| Weakness | 12 (100) | 10 (90.9) | 22 (95.7) |
| Diarrhea | 2 (16.7) | 0 | 2 (8.7) |
| † Comorbidities (%) | - | - | - |
| Diabetes Mellitus | 4 (33.3) | 5 (45.5) | 9 (39.1%) |
| Hypertension | 4 (33.3) | 7 (63.6) | 11 (47.8%) |
| Congestive Heart Failure | 0 | 1 (9.1) | 1 (4.3%) |
| Clinical Values before Intubation, Median (Range) | |||
| Vitals | - | - | - |
| Blood Pressure—Systolic (mmHg) | 125 (109, 167) | 124 (110, 153) | 124 (109, 167) |
| Blood Pressure—Diastolic (mmHg) | 75.5 (57, 89) | 68 (49, 93) | 72 (49, 93) |
| Heart Rate (Beats/min) | 97 (66, 121) | 105 (53, 125) | 102 (53, 125) |
| Respiratory Rate (Breaths/min) | 26 (20, 35) | 26 (21, 34) | 26 (20, 35) |
| Temperature (°F) | 99.8 (97, 102.6) | 99.2 (97.8, 101.4) | 99.7 (97, 102.6) |
| O2% Saturation | 93 (87, 98) | 92 (87, 100) | 92 (87, 100) |
| Lab Values | - | - | - |
| Glucose (mg/dL) | 136 (103, 354) | 136 (101, 196) | 136 (101, 354) |
| Sodium (mEQ/L) | 142 (135, 158) | 143 (138, 151) | 142 (135, 158) |
| Blood Urea Nitrogen (mg/dL) | 30.5 (13, 104) | 20 (13, 60) | 28 (13, 104) |
| * Creatinine (IU/L) | 1.32 (0.72, 4.68) | 0.79 (0.44, 2.7) | 0.97 (0.44, 4.68) |
| Lactate (mg/dL) | 1.9 (0.7, 6.7) | 1.8 (0.7, 2.6) | 1.8 (0.7, 6.7) |
| Troponin (ng/mL) | 0.091 (0.015, 0.71) | 0.081 (0.015, 0.289) | 0.081 (0.015, 0.71) |
| LDH (U/L) | 991 (538, 1757) | 733 (535, 1875) | 958 (535, 1875) |
| * AST (IU/L) | 84 (54, 342) | 55 (24, 144) | 73 (24, 342) |
| ALT (IU/L) | 78 (25, 163) | 44 (12, 111) | 72 (12, 163) |
| Alkaline Phosphatase (IU/L) | 106 (51, 201) | 125 (77, 294) | 117 (51, 294) |
| Procalcitonin (ng/mL) | 2.51 (0.16, 200) | 0.71 (0.41, 2.6) | 0.92 (0.16, 200) |
| C-Reactive Protein (mg/L) | 19.4 (1.25, 32.6) | 8.65 (0.34, 34) | 11.1 (0.34, 34) |
| D-Dimer (ng/mL) | 10.85 (0.96, 35.78) | 24.08 (1.8, 35.78) | 13.82 (0.96, 35.78) |
| Fibrinogen (mg/dL) | 513 (165, 679) | 269 (100, 653) | 483 (100, 679) |
| * Ferritin (μg/L) | 1863 (572, 5509) | 992 (298, 2198) | 1285 (298, 5509) |
| Total Bilirubin (mg/dL) | 0.5 (0.2, 1.8) | 0.7 (0.3, 0.9) | 0.5 (0.2, 1.8) |
| Sedimentation Rate (mm/h) | 42.5 (7, 107) | 17 (5, 100) | 39 (5, 107) |
| White Blood Cell Count (1000/mm3) | 11.25 (6.1, 21) | 17.1 (7, 31.7) | 13.3 (6.1, 31.7) |
| Lymphocyte Percent | 5 (2, 11) | 4 (3, 15) | 5 (2, 15) |
| ABG and Ventilatory Parameters, Supine, Median (Range) | |||
| PAO2 (mmHg) | 79 (48, 190) | 66 (35, 152) | 73 (35, 190) |
| FiO2 (%) | 100 (50, 100) | 100 (80, 100) | 100 (50, 100) |
| P/F Ratio (mmHg) | 79 (48, 190) | 66 (35, 152) | 76 (35, 190) |
| PEEP (cm H2O) | 15 (10, 20) | 15 (10, 20) | 15 (10, 20) |
| Respiratory Rate | 23 (16, 30) | 24 (20, 26) | 24 (16, 30) |
| Tidal Volume/IBW (mL/kg) | 450 (380, 500) | 450 (380, 500) | 450 (380, 500) |
| Pronation Timeline and Length of Stay (In Days) | |||
| Time to Intubation, Median (Range) | - | - | - |
| * From Admission | 3 (0, 5) | 5 (3, 15) | 3 (0, 15) |
| From Symptom Onset | 7 (3, 14) | 7 (2, 14) | 7 (2, 14) |
| Time to Pronation, Median (Range) | - | - | - |
| * From Admission | 4 (2, 10) | 8 (3, 18) | 5 (2, 18) |
| From 1st Symptom Appearance | 11 (7, 17) | 13 (8, 25) | 12 (7, 25) |
| From Intubation | 2 (0, 7) | 1 (0, 13) | 1 (0, 13) |
| Days Proned | 1 (1, 6) | 2 (1, 3) | 1 (1, 6) |
| Time to Death After Pronation | 3 (25.0) | 3 (27.3) | 3 (26.1) |
* Denotes statistical significance, given by Mann-Whitney U test with α = 0.05; † No patients presented with chronic kidney disease, chronic lung disease, or coronary artery disease.