Table 1.
General features of the nineteen studies performed on rats. (BMP-2: recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein; 2PGA: polylactic-co-glycolic acid; TCP: Tricalcium phosphate; SHED:105 DPSCs cells/atelocollagen sponge; SHED-CM: 40 × 25 μL Culture medium/atelocollagen sponge; Memb: Membrane ADSC: Adipose stem cells; cBMSCs: canine bone marrow stem cells; cDPSCS: canine dental pulp stem cells; pDPSCS: puppy dental pulp stem cells; PRP: platelet rich plasma; Hist: Histology; Histom: Histomorphometry; IMM: immunohistochemistry; MCT: Micro CT; SEM: Scanning electron Microscopy; CONF MICRO: confocal microscopy; NBF: New bone formation.)
| Authors | Journal | Year | Defect | Samples | Test | Control | DPSCS Expansion | Analysis Methods | Follow Up | NBF Test | NBF CTR |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hiraki et al. [49] | Oral Dis | 2020 | Calvaria/critical-sized defect | 18 animals/18 sites | (1) SHED (2) SHED-CM | serum-free α- Minimum Essential Medium Eagle (25 μL/atelocollagen sponge). | 6 Passage | HIST, HISTOM, MCT, IMM, | 8 weeks | (1) 18 ± 3.7%; (1) 30 ± 4.1% |
10 ± 2.5% |
| Lin et al. [44] |
J Endod. | 2019 | dental alveolar defects/maxillary | 10 animals | DPSC/Matrigel | Matrigel | 6 Passage | HIST, MCT | 2 weeks | - | - |
| Jin et al. [45] |
Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol | 2019 | dental alveolar defects/mandibular | 15 animals/15 sites | (1) DPSC/0.2% Puramatrix; (2) ADSC/0.2% Puramatrix |
(1) 0.2% Puramatrix | 2–5 Passage | HIST, HISTOM, MCT, IMM, | 6 weeks | - | - |
| Collignon et al. [46] | Stem Cells. | 2019 | Calvaria/critical-sized defect | 38 animals/176 sites | (1) dense collagen scaffold seeded with fluorescent T-mDPSCs; (2) noncellularized dense collagen scaffold |
Empty defect | 3 Passage | HIST, HISTOM, MCT, IMM, | 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks | 30 days: (1) 42%± 8.2%; (2) 23% ± 3.1. 60 days: (1) 63%; ± 5.1; (2) 32% ± 2.9 90 days: (1) 73.5% ± 4.6; (2) 39.7% ± 2.3 |
30 days: Control: 22% ± 2.1 60 days: Control: 29% ± 2.5 90 days: Control: 35% ± 2.3 |
| Novais et al. [47] | Stem Cells Transl Med | 2019 | Calvaria/critical-sized defect | 30 animals/60 sites | (1) DPSC/Plastically compressed collagen gels (Hypoxia priming); (2) DPSC/Plastically compressed collagen gels (FGF-2 priming) |
Plastically compressed collagen gels (no priming) | 3–4 Passage | HIST, HISTOM, MCT, IMM, SEM | 14 days, 2 months, | 14 days: (1) 3 ± 1.8 (2) 6 ± 3.5% 2 months: (1) 28 ± 3.9 (2) 30 ± 3.7% |
14 days: 2 ± 2.4%, 2 months: 20 ± 3.2 |
| Soares et al. [57] | J Appl Oral Sci | 2019 | Tibial bone defects | 75 animals/75 defects | (1) Hemospon (2) Hemospon 8% Aloe vera; (3) Hemospon hDPSCs (4) (3) Hemospon 8% Aloe vera/hDPSCs | Empty defect | 5 Passage | HIST, HISTOM, MCT, IMM, | 1, 2 3 weeks | 1 week, (1) 2.1 ± 0.1; (2) 2.1 ± 0.2; (3) 1.5± 0.3. (4) 2.6 ± 0.4, 2 week, (1) 1.6 ± 0.2; (2) 1.9 ± 0.2; (3) 2.4± 0.4. (4) 2.6 ± 0.5, 3 week, (1) 2.4 ± 0.2; (2) 2.4 ± 0.3; (3) 2.4± 0.5. (4) 2.5 ± 0.3, | 1 week, (1) 1.6± 0.4; 2 week, (1) 2.3 ± 0.2; 3 week, (1) 1.8± 0.5; |
| Yuan et al. [54] | Int J Mol Med | 2018 | Calvaria/critical-sized defect | 40 animals | (1) BO group, (Bio‑Oss); (2) DPSC/BO group, (2)DPSCs+ Bio‑Oss; (3) DPSC/BO/Aspirin group. |
Empty defect | 3 Passage | HIST, HISTOM, MCT, IMM, SEM | 8, 12 weeks | 8 weeks (1) 16.3 ± 3.5; (2) 21.3 ± 2.3 (3) 27.9 ± 1.5; 12 weeks (1) 21 ± 2.6; (2) 36.8 ± 3.3 (3) 59.7 ± 4.3 | 8 weeks 5.6 ± 3.1; 12 weeks 15.4 ± 2.8 |
| Yasui et al. [48] | J DentRes | 2016 | Calvaria/critical-sized defect | 6 animals/12 sites | (1) DPSC LNGFR+ THY+ cells; (2) DPSC LNGFR (low+) THY+ cells | (1) Memb+; (2) No Memb |
1–5 Passage | HIST, HISTOM, MCT, IMM, CONF MICRO | 2, 4 weeks | 2 weeks (1) 30.6 ± 4.7%; (2) 52.8 ± 5.9%; 4 weeks (1) 10.5 ± 4.2%; (2) 19.7 ± 3.1%; |
2 weeks (1) 1.2 ± 0.7%; (2)1.8 ± 0.7%; 4 weeks (1) 0.5 ± 0.3%; (2) 0.7 ± 0.4%; |
| Zhang et al. [52] | Tissue Eng Part A | 2016 | Mandible defect | 5 animals/24 sites | (1) DPSC-high, CH scaffolds; (2) DPSC-low, CL scaffolds; (3) acellular scaffolds (SA); (4) acellular scaffolds supplemented with 4 μg | - | - | HIST, HISTOM, IMM, | 3, 6 weeks | (1) 3 weeks: 0.5 ± 0.3%, 6 weeks: 0.8 ± 0.4% (2) 3 weeks: 0.3 ± 0.1%, 6 weeks: 0.2 ± 0.2% (3) 3 weeks: 0.4 ± 0.2%, 6 weeks: 0.6 ± 0.3% (4) 3 weeks: 22 ± 3%, 6 weeks: 21 ± 0.5%, |
- |
| Martin-del-Campo et al. [55] | Biomater. Sci | 2016 | Calvaria/critical-sized defect | 18 animals/36 sites | DPSC/Strontium folate (SrFO) TCP | DPSC/TCP composite | 3 Passage | HIST, HISTOM, MCT, IMM, SEM | 4, 12, 20 weeks | 4 weeks (1) 51.2 ± 3.3; 12 weeks (1) 82.3 ± 2.7; 20 weeks (1) 86.9 ± 2.5; | 4 weeks (2) 40.2 ±2.1; 12 weeks (2) 55.5 ± 2.2; 20 weeks (1) 56.8 ± 5.2; |
| Jahanbin et al. [61] | J OralMaxillofac Surg | 2016 | dental alveolar defects/maxillary | 60 animals | Group 1: collagen+ iliac bone graft 1 monthGroup 2: collagen + iliac graft 2 monthsGroup 3: scaffold/DPSC 1 monthsGroup 4: scaffold/DPSC 2 monthsGroup 5: scaffold 1 monthGroup 6: scaffold after 2 months | - | - | HIST, IMM, | 4, 8 weeks | Group 1: 50.0% ± 1.3Group 2: 62.5% ± 2.1Group 3: 16.7% ± 2.4Group 4:40.0% ±2.1Group 5: 0% Group 6: 0% | - |
| Asutay et al. [50] | Arch Oral Biol | 2015 | Calvaria/critical-sized defect | 15 animals/30 sites | (1) HA/TCP paste; (2) HA/TCP paste/DPSC | Empty defect | - | HIST, HISTOM, MCT, IMM, | 8 weeks | - | - |
| Petridis et al. [51] | J Craniomaxillofac Surg | 2015 | Calvaria/critical-sized defect | 30 animals/42 sites | (1) DPSC/Hydrogel scaffold; (2) Hydrogel scaffold | Empty defect | 2 Passage | HIST, HISTOM, IMM, | 8 weeks | (1) 21.3 ± 2.4 (2) 34.2 ± 3.1% | 20 ± 2.2% |
| Kwon et al. [58] | Sci Rep | 2015 | Calvaria/critical-sized defect | 30 animals/30 defects | DPSCs/biodegradable polyesters (PLGC) | biodegradable polyesters (PLGC) | >5 Passage | HIST, HISTOM, MCT, IMM, | 4, 8, and 12 weeks | 4 weeks: 18% ± 2.7 8 weeks: 33% ± 2.9, 12 weeks: 58% ± 2.6 | 4 weeks: 2% ± 1.3 8 weeks: 4% ± 1.7, 12 weeks: 8% ± 1.5 |
| Acasigua et al. [53] | Curr Stem Cell Res Ther | 2014 | Calvaria/critical-sized defect | 20 animals/20 sites | I–sham; II–without cells; III PGA nanofibers/DPSC; IV–PGA nanofibers/DPSC 13 d medium | - | 5 Passage | HIST, HISTOM, SEM, IMM, | 6 days | 8.13 ± 3.12%, 9.39 ± 2.55%, 10.7 ±3.22% and 17 ± 4.31% in groups I, II, III and IV, respectively | - |
| Annibali et al. [59] | J Biomed Mater Res B ApplBiomater | 2014 | Calvaria/critical-sized defect | 16 animals/32 sites | b-TCP (b); b-TCP/DPSC (b/C); GDPB (G) andGDPB/DPSC | - | - | HIST, MCT | 4, 8, and 12 weeks | - | - |
| Annibali et al. [56] | J Craniofac Surg. | 2013 | Calvaria/critical-sized defect | 75 animals/150 defects | (1) DPSC/Granular deproteinized bovine bone, (2) PeriostealStem Cells PESC/Granular deproteinized bovine bone |
Granular deproteinized bovine bone | - | HIST, HISTOM, MCT, IMM, SEM | 1, 2, 4 8 weeks | 1 week, (1) 6.7 ± 2.9; (2) 8.3 ± 3.1; 2 weeks: (1) 6.1 ± 1.7; (2) 12.1 ± 2.4; 4 weeks (1) 6.1 ± 1.7; (2) 12.3 ± 2.6, 8 weeks (1) 8.9 ± 3.8; (2) 15.4 ± 2.8 | 1 week, 5.3 ± 2.3; 2 weeks: 10.8 ± 2.4; 4 weeks 15.2 ± 4.8, 8 weeks 22.3 ±4.5% |
| Maraldi et al. [60] | Stem Cell Res Ther | 2013 | Calvaria/critical-sized defect | 30 animals/60 sites | (1) DPSC/collagen scaffolds; (2) AFSC/collagen scaffolds | collagen scaffolds | 3 Passage | HIST, HISTOM, CONF MICRO, RX, IMM, | 4, 8 weeks | 4 weeks: (1) 48.3 ± 3.1% (2) 52.3 ± 1.9; 8 weeks (1) 58 ± 2.8; (2) 71.1 ± 3.3% | 4 weeks, 30 ± 4.5%; 8 weeks (1) 42 ± 3.1% |
| Pisciotta et al. [62] | PLoS One | 2012 | Calvaria/critical-sized defect | 10 animals/10 sites | DPSCs/collagen scaffold (1) FCS serum (2) HS serum | Empty defect | 5 Passage | HIST, HISTOM, IMM, | 40 days | FCS: 51.3% ± 3.3; HS: 68.2 ± 4.3 | Control: 42 ±3.5% |