Table 2:
Associations between outdoor PM2.5 (per 10 μg/m3 increase), use of solid fuels for cooking, versus clean fuels, and BP parameters and the odds of having hypertension.
| No. samples | Systolic BP β (95% CI) | Diastolic BP β (95% CI) | Pulse Pressure β (95% CI) | Mean Arterial Pressure β (95% CI) | Hypertension Odds ratio (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Outdoor PM2.5 | ||||||
| Unadjusted | ||||||
| Linear | 137809 | 0.00 (−0.04, 0.04) | 0.01 (−0.01, 0.03) | 0.00 (−0.03, 0.02) | 0.01 (−0.02, 0.03) | 0.00 (0.00 0.01) |
| Q1 | 34267 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1 |
| Q2 | 32009 | −3.72 (−5.89, −1.62) | −1.42 (−2.56, −0.27) | −2.28 (−3.75, −0.81) | −2.19 (−3.56, −0.82) | 0.80 (0.68, 0.94) |
| Q3 | 35511 | 0.72 (−1.71, 3.16) | 1.06 (−0.27, 2.40) | −0.25 (−1.96, 1.45) | 0.94 (−0.65, 2.53) | 1.18 (0.97, 1.43) |
| Q4 | 36022 | −0.35 (−3.19, 2.50) | 0.85 (−0.71, 2.41) | −1.12 (−3.11, 0.87) | 0.45 (−1.40, 2.31) | 1.22 (0.97, 1.54) |
| Adjusted | ||||||
| Linear | 137809 | 0.01 (−0.02, 0.05) | 0.01 (−0.01, 0.03) | 0.00 (−0.03, 0.03) | 0.01 (−0.01, 0.04) | 1.04 (1.01, 1.07) |
| Q1 | 34267 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1 |
| Q2 | 32009 | −0.78 (−2.73, 1.17) | −0.49 (−1.58, 0.61) | −0.3 (−1.73, 1.14) | −0.58 (−1.85, 0.69) | 0.90 (0.77, 1.05) |
| Q3 | 35511 | 3.72 (1.37, 6.07) | 1.61 (0.29, 2.93) | 2.15 (0.42, 3.87) | 2.31 (0.77, 3.84) | 1.31 (1.08, 1.58) |
| Q4 | 36022 | 2.15 (−0.59, 4.89) | 1.35 (−0.2, 2.89) | 0.84 (−1.17, 2.85) | 1.62 (−0.17, 3.4) | 1.36 (1.10, 1.69) |
| Solid Fuel Use | ||||||
| Unadjusted | 43313 | −0.81 (−0.81, 0.26) | −1.21 (−1.50, −0.92) | 0.39 (0.06, 0.72) | −1.08 (−1.42, −0.73) | 0.90 (0.86, 0.95) |
| Adjusted | 43313 | −0.48 (−0.95, −0.01) | −0.44 (−0.72, −0.15) | −0.05 (−0.37, 0.27) | −0.45 (−0.78, −0.13) | 0.93 (0.88, 0.99) |