Table 4.
Multivariable Analysis of Prognostic Factors in Patients with Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
| Variable | Univariate Analysis | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| HR | 95% CI | P-value† | |
| Overall survival | |||
| Age (>45 years vs ≤45 years) | 1.54 | 1.25–1.82 | <0.001 |
| Sex (Female vs Male) | 0.75 | 0.59–0.94 | 0.013 |
| Serum calcium level (Low vs High) | 1.28 | 1.06–1.55 | 0.011 |
| TNM stage (III–IV vs I–II) | 2.57 | 1.87–3.52 | <0.001 |
| Disease-free survival | |||
| Age (>45 years vs ≤45 years) | 1.36 | 1.15–1.61 | <0.001 |
| Smoking (Yes vs No) | 1.22 | 1.03–1.44 | 0.022 |
| Serum calcium level (Low vs High) | 1.19 | 1.01–1.40 | 0.043 |
| WHO type (II+III vs I) | 0.41 | 0.17–1.00 | 0.049 |
| TNM stage (III–IV vs I–II) | 2.16 | 1.72–2.72 | <0.001 |
| Distant metastasis-free survival | |||
| Sex (Female vs Male) | 0.64 | 0.48–0.86 | 0.003 |
| Serum calcium level (Low vs High) | 1.43 | 1.14–1.80 | 0.002 |
| TNM stage (III–IV vs I–II) | 2.76 | 1.96–3.89 | <0.001 |
| Relapse-free survival | |||
| WHO type (III vs I+II) | 0.24 | 0.09–0.65 | 0.005 |
| TNM stage (III–IV vs I–II) | 1.53 | 0.57–1.03 | 0.008 |
Notes: †P value was calculated using the multivariable Cox proportional hazards model. The following parameters were included as covariates in the Cox proportional hazards model by backward elimination: age (≥45 vs <45 years), sex (Female vs Male), smoking (Yes vs No), drinking (Yes vs No), family history of cancer (Yes vs No), serum calcium level (Low vs High), WHO type (Type III vs Type I+II), TNM stage (III–IV vs I–II) and chemotherapy (No vs Yes).
Abbreviations: WHO, World Health Organization; HR, hazard ratio; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval.