Table 4B.

Hypoxia, hyperglycemia and eighteen types of DAMPs promote ROS production, and hypoxia can also decrease ROS generation in certain conditions.

		ROS	Sensor	Target	Concentration	Function	PMID	Ref #
Hypoxia		Increase		NOX4	1% O2	Angiogenesis, Migration	26297045, 29123322	[195,205]
		Increase		SOD	5% O2	Proliferation	16624953	[189]
		Decrease			1% O2	Protect from apoptosis	29061494	[187]
Hyperglycemia	High glucose	Increase	GLUT	H2O2	20 mM	Insulin secretion	17400930	[70]
		Increase	GLUT	NOX	33 mM	Angiogenesis	23274526	[248]
DAMPs	LPA	Increase	Edg	NOX	10 nM	Proliferation	20934509	[190]
		Increase	LPAR5		1uM	pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine	29258556	[202]
	LPC	Increase		mtROS	40uM	Trained immunity	31153039	[48]
	AGEs	Increase	RAGE		300μg/ml	Cytokine secretion, Caspase-dependent apoptosis	31587010, 22944044	[212,223]
		Increase	Galectin-3, CD36, SR-AI and RAGE	NOX	400μg/ml	Liver fibrosis	20133001	[249]
	AOPPs	Increase		NOX4	50uM	Cytokine secretion	31539804	[211]
		Increase		NOX1/4	150uM	S-phase arrest	29032312	[250]
		Increase	RAGE	NOX2	50μg/ml	Apoptosis	23453926	[224]
		Increase			200μg/ml	Apoptosis	28000869	[225]
	HSA	Increase			10 mg/ml	Cell death	25713411	[74]
	Fatty acid	Increase		Mt		Mitochondrial fission	29092894	[251]
	eATP	Increase	P2X7		130uM	Cell death	23431238	[252]
		Increase	DORN1	NOX	200uM	Bacterial defense	29273780	[253]
	Zymosan	Increase	TLR2	NOX			24121038	[254]
	Concanavalin A	Increase	TLR2/4/9	NOX			24121038	[254]
	dsDNA (NCS)	Increase		NOX1	0.5ug/ml	Apoptosis	22237206	[75]
	Thrombin	Increase	GPIbα, PAR4	FAK/NOX1	1–2U/ml		29569550	[255]
		Increase		NOX	20U/4ul	Neurodegeneration	15843610	[256]
	Integrin	Increase	PRR (β2 integrin Mac-1)	NOX2		Innate immunity (Phagocytosis)	29544096	[43]
		Increase	RTKR	LOX, NOX		Cell adhesion	12796479	[204]
	ET-1	Increase	ET1R	eNOS	1 nM	Nuclear Calcium homoeostasis	20393594	[71]
		Increase	ET1R	NOX	10 nM	Protein synthesis	15203192	[184]
		Increase	ETAR	NOX		Cardiac hypertrophy	16107552	[257]
	Methionine	Increase		Mt			29679893	[258]
	Homocysteine	Increase		Mt	500uM	Caspase-1 inflammation activation	27006445	[259]
PAMPs	RSV	Increase	TLR2			Cytokine secretion	22295065	[141]
	DENV	Increase	TLR9	Mt		Innate immunity	29880709	[116]
	Shiga toxin	Increase	CD77	Caspase-4/GSDMD	200 ng/ml	Pyroptosis	30404007	[221]
	LPS	Increase	CD14/TLR4	Caspase-5	10 ng/ml	Inflammation	26508369	[213]
		Increase	TLR4	NOX	10μg/ml	Monocyte adhesion	23153039, 24121038	[203,254]
Biophysical forces	Hemodynamic strain	Increase	N/A	N/A	Average strain (12%)	Adhesion molecule expression, Monocyte adhesion	9449403, 19186986	[214,215]
		Increase	Integrins	Mito complex I	Uniaxial cyclic stretch (20%)	Membrane spreading	23738008	[216]
	Pulmonary strech	Increase	Integrin, EC receptor and ion channel	NOX, XO, eNOS	N/A	Pulmonary hypertension and lung injury	30623676	[217]

Abbreviations: EGF-Epidermal growth factor; PDGF-platelet-derived growth factor; VEGF-vesicular epithelial growth factor; IGF-I-insulin-like growth factor; LPA-lysophosphatidic acid; LPC--lysophosphatidylcholine; LPS-lipopolysaccharide; AGEs-advanced glycation end products; AOPPs-advanced oxidation protein products; HAS-human serum albumin; eATP-extracellular ATP; RSV-respiratory syncytial virus; DENV-dengue RNA virus; dsDNA-double-stranded DNA; endothelin-1—ET1; RIRR-ROS-induced ROS release; TBE cell-Tracheobronchial epithelial cells; EC-Endothelial cell; EPC-Endothelial progenitor cell; HCC-hepatocellular carcinoma cell; PPP-pattern recognition receptors; EMT-epithelial mesenchymal transition; ΔΨm, Mitochondrial membrane potential; NE-Norepinephrine; LPC-lysophosphatidylcholine.