Table 2.

Population studies examine the association between STRs/SNPs markers and PCa.

S.	Authors, year	Place/country/area	Number of volunteers
1	39	University of Washington Medical Center	PCa = 103, HC = 299.
2	19	Austrian Caucasians (newly diagnosed)	PCa = 190, HC = 190 control men with BPH.
3	58	Japan (Tokushima, Kawasaki)	PCa = 90, HC = 99.
4	38	Four ethnic groups in Hawai and California	PCa = 930, HC = 1208.
5	16	Japan	PCa = 92, HC = 109
6	26	Korea	PCa = 106, HC = 110.
7	14	Hispanic ancestry, 3 African American, and 5 other types of ancestry.	FPC = 438 cases from 178 families (One family had Hispanic ancestry; the remainder had non-Hispanic Caucasian ancestry) and SPCa = 499 (491 reported non-Hispanic Caucasian ancestry, 3 African American, and 5 other types of ancestry). HC = 493 were derived from a population-based collection (490 reported non-Hispanic Caucasian ancestry and 3 reported Hispanic ancestry).
8	32	Swedish population	PCa = 1,447, HC = 983.
9	72	Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul in Brazil.	PCa = 49, HC = 51.
10	12	Porto, Portugal	PCa = 281, HC = 175.
11	36	Malaysia	PCa = 84, HC = 91.
12	45	Population of European and Ashkenazi Jewish ancestry.	PCa = 3,995. HC = 3,815. From four studies, Total = 7,810 men.
13	3	Urology Department at Çukurova University, Çukurova region, Adana, Turkey.	PCa = 44, HC = 22, BPH = 33.
14	9	The Urology outpatient clinic at the Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre	Total = 214 subjects; (BPH = 126, HC = 88).
15	11	Utah, Utah Population Database (UPDB).	PCa = 18,291, HC = 257,252 YIDs two at least showed the Y-chromosome, Genealogy data.
16	75	Iraq (Middle and South area).	PCa = 100, HC = 100

PCa, prostate cancer; STRs/SNPs, single tandem repeats/sinle-nucleotide polymorphisms; SD, standard deviation; FPC, familial prostate cancer; SPC, sporadic prostate cancer; YIDs,Y-chromosome id; HC, healthy control; BPH, benign prostatic hyperplasia.