Table 2.
Descriptive and inferential statistical comparison of sociodemographic, MS-related, psychological and sleep-related comparisons between values at baseline and follow-up, always controlling for the time lapse (M = 13.5 months; SD = 6.00) between the two time points.
| Groups | Statistics | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Follow-up | |||
| N | 16 | 16 | ||
| n | n (%) | n (%) | X2-test | |
| Gender (male/female) | 5/11 | 5/11 | - | |
| M (SD) | M (SD) | F-test | ||
| Age (years)a | 49.12 (9.61) | 50.25 (9.59) | t(15) = 9.00*** | - |
| Beck depression inventory FS | 1.47 (1.68) | 1.40 (1.05) | F(1, 13) = 1.04 | 0.074 (M) |
| Fatigue | 37.14 (14.94) | 50.07 (15.98) | F(1, 13) = 2.90 | 0.195 (L) |
| Insomnia severity index | 12.83 (4.60) | 15.07 (6.71) | F(1, 13) = 2.30 | 0.150 (L) |
| Physical activity | ||||
| Moderate physical activity (min/week) | 827.00 (439.71) | 320.00 (120.56) | F(1, 13) = 0.17 | 0.013 (T) |
| Vigorous physical activity (min/week) | 148.00 (68.92) | 104.00 (59.58) | F(1, 13) = 0.13 | 0.010 (T) |
| M (SD) | M (SD) | F-test2 | ||
| Sleep-EEG dimensions | ||||
| Total sleep time (min) | 391.00 (87.50) | 417.44 (62.68) | F(1, 13) = 0.45 | 0.034 (S) |
| Sleep efficiency (%) | 82.73 (12.41) | 81.06 (9.67) | F(1, 13) = 1.12 | 0.074 (M) |
| Sleep onset latency (min) | 10.78 (6.36) | 15.51 (10.40) | F(1, 13) = 0.61 | 0.042 (S) |
| WASO (time, min) | 81.13 (61.30) | 42.24 (4.03) | F(1, 13) = 4.90* | 0.259 (L) |
| REM sleep time (min) | 86.13 (47.97) | 23.07 (4.02) | F(1, 13) = 1.36 | 0.088 (M) |
| REM (%) | 20.69 (10.00) | 5.13 (0.99) | F(1, 13) = 2.02 | 0.126 (M) |
| Light sleep duration (min) | 231.82 (59.55) | 276.13 (45.50) | F(1, 13) = 3.71+ | 0.209 (L) |
| Light sleep percentage (%) | 61.39 (20.74) | 58.00 (5.65) | F(1, 13) = 0.02 | 0.002 (T) |
| Deep sleep duration (min) | 83.31 (104.83) | 87.97 (23.26) | F(1, 13) = 0.11 | 0.008 (T) |
| Deep sleep percentage (%) | 17.91 (9.11) | 19.43 (4.86) | F(1, 13) = 0.16 | 0.012 (T) |
| EDSSc | 5.22 (1.27) | 5.28 (1.19) | F(1, 13) = 0.22 | 0.002 (T) |
a
Comparison of age between baseline and follow-up was not controlled for time lapse.
b
Always controlling for the time lapse.
c
To compare EDSS scores, and controlling for the time lapse, a repeated ANOVA was performed.
FS, fast screener; EDSS, Expanded Disability Status Scale; T, trivial effect size; S, small effect size; M, medium effect size; L, large effect size.
*
p < 0.05;
+
p < 0.1;
***
p < 0.001.