TABLE 2.

Population and evolutionary statistics for cagA and vacA. Gdiv, genetic diversity estimators; n, number of sequences; S, number of segregating sites; h, number of haplotypes; Hd, haplotype diversity; K, average number of differences; Pi, Nucleotide diversity.

	Populations	Gdiv						Gdif	GF	Z-test
		n	S	h	Hd	K	Pi	Snn	FsT/Nm	dN < dS
CagA	LIM	6	246	6	1.000	107.27	0.038
	PUNO	7	473	7	1.000	223.90	0.079
	SHIM	5	240	4	0.900	116.20	0.041
	ASHA	9	455	8	0.972	171.78	0.060
	Total	27	768	25	0.994	236.51	0.083	0.70***	0.41615/0.70	7.838***
VacA	LIM	9	769	9	1.000	331.36	0.088
	PUNO	9	841	9	1.000	355.03	0.094
	SHIM	5	470	4	0.900	269.90	0.071
	ASHA	9	491	6	0.833	151.11	0.040
	Total	32	1073	29	0.987	337.74	0.089	0.62***	0.22309/1.74	11.595***

All the estimators were presented per gene. Gdif/GF, Genetic differentiation and genetic flow. The genetic heterogeneity was detected using the Snn test from haplotype frequencies under 1000 permutations. Genetic flow was detected using the FsT from haplotype diversity under the permutation of 1000 repetitions. The Nm parameter was estimated from the FsT test. The deviation of the neutral model of molecular evolution was calculated using the z-tests. Z-test: Codon-based test of neutrality for analysis averaging over all sequence pairs. The probability of rejecting the null hypothesis of strict-neutrality (dN = dS) is shown. Values of P less than 0.05 are considered significant at the 5% level and are highlighted (***p < 0.001). The test statistics: dN > dS positive selection; dN < dS purifying selection are shown. dS and dN are the numbers of synonymous and non-synonymous substitutions per site, respectively. The variance of the difference was computed using the bootstrap method (1000 replicates). Analyses were conducted using the Nei-Gojobori method and all positions containing gaps and missing data were eliminated. Gdiv, Gdif, and GF were performed using DnaSP v 5.10. The Z tests was performed in Mega V 7.1. ^∗∗∗P < 0.001.