Table 6.

Negative signals of T-cell effector activity through differentiation.

Signal/Receptor	Producer/Target	Mechanisms	Therapy
(fn. 11) IL4/IL4R+IL2RG	Th2, basophils, eosinophils, mast cells, NKT cells, Adipose tissue, cancer cells/Th1	(fn. 12) IL4 drives CD4+ T-cell polarization into the Th2 phenotype and suppresses IFNγ-producing Th1 cells (217).	MUC1 CAR T with a cytokine switch receptor of IL4 receptor extracellular domain fused to an IL7 intracellular signaling domain can proliferate and suppress tumor growth in mice breast cancer model (106).
TGFB1/TGFBR1,2,3	Leukocyte, fibroblast, tumor cell/CD4 T cell	TGFβ promotes the conversion of effector T cells to Tregs (218).