TABLE 1.
The systematic reviews and meta-analyses of antihypertensive drugs and cancer risk and cancer-related deaths.
| Title | Year | Research type included | Research Quantum | Participants | Anti-hypertensive drugs | Cancer types | Cancer risk [OR/RR (95%CI)] | Cancer-related deaths [OR/RR (95%CI)] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Carrao et al., 2007) | 2007 | Case-control, cohort studies | 18 | — | Uncategorized | Renal-cell cancer | Hypertension (1.62, 1.24–2.12), diuretics (1.43.1.12–1.83) and no diuretics (1.51; 1.21–1.87) | — |
| (Coleman et al., 2008) | 2008 | RCTs | 27 | 126,137 | Uncategorized | Uncategorized | ACEIs (0.99, 0.80–1.24), ARBs (1.12, 0.87–1.47), ß blockers (1.00, 0.78–1.32), diuretics (0.94, 0.73–1.19), CCBs (0.95, 0.79–1.13) | — |
| (Sipahi et al., 2010) | 2010 | RCTs | 5 | 61,590 | ARBs | Uncategorized | 1.08, 1.01–1.15 | — |
| (Bangalore et al., 2011) | 2011 | RCTs | 70 | 324,168 | Uncategorized | Uncategorized | ARBs (1·01.0·93–1·09), ACEi (1·00, 0·92–1·09), ß blockers (0·97, 0·88–1·07), CCBs (1·05, 0·96–1·13), diuretics (1·00, 0·90–1·11), ACEi plus ARBs (1·14, 1·02–1·28) | ARBs (1·00, 0·87–1·15), ACEi (0·95, 0·81–1·10), ß blockers (0·93, 0·80–1·08), CCBs (0·96, 0·82–1·11), diuretics (0·98, 0·84–1·13), other controls (1·08, 0·78–1·46), and ACEi plus ARBs (1·10, 0·90–1·32) |
| (Sipahi et al., 2011) | 2011 | RCTs | 14 | 61,774 | ACEIs | Uncategorized and gastrointestinal cancers | Uncategorized (1.01, 0.95–1.07), GI cancer (1.09, 0.88–1.35) | 1.00, 0.88–1.13 |
| (Monami et al., 2013) | 2013 | RCTs | 9 | 1,340 | β blockers | Uncategorized | 0.33,0.13–0.83 | — |
| (Chen et al., 2014) | 2014 | Observational studies | 11 | — | CCBs | Breast cancer | 1.11, 0.93–1.33 | — |
| (Zhang et al., 2015) | 2015 | Case-control studies, cohort studies | 8 | 298,000 | ARBs | Lung cancer | 0.81, 0.69–0.94 | — |
| (Dai et al., 2015) | 2015 | Observational studies | 11 | ≥113,048 | ARBs, ACEIs | Colorectal cancer | 6% decreased, 0.89–0.98, case-control studies (6% decreased, 0.90–0.99) | 0.81, 0.60–1.09 |
| (Thiele et al., 2015) | 2015 | RCTs | 23 | 2,618 | β blockers | Hepatocellular carcinoma | −0.026, −120I.052- −0.001 | -0.011, -0.040–0.017 |
| (Yang et al., 2015) | 2015 | Large observational studies | 10 | 4,020,138 | ARBs | Uncategorized and lung cancers | Uncategorized (0.87, 0.75–1.01), lung cancers (0.81, 0.69–0.94) | — |
| (Zhao et al., 2016) | 2016 | RCTs | 19 | 148,334 | ARBs | Uncategorized | 1.08, 1.00–1.18 | — |
| (Qian et al., 2017) | 2016 | Original research | 8 | 1,994,880 | ARBs | Breast cancer | 0.93.0.81–1.06 | — |
| (Mao et al., 2016) | 2016 | Cohort studies | 9 | 20,267 | ARBs | Prostate cancer | 0.92, 0.87–0.98 | — |
| (Shen et al., 2016) | 2016 | RCTs, observational studies | 31 | 3,957,725 | ARBs, ACEIs | Uncategorized | Observational studies (0.82, 0.73–0.93), RCTs (1.00, 0.92–1.08), lung cancer (0.85, 0.75–0.97) | Observational studies (0.71.0.55–0.93), randomized controlled trials (0.99, 0.89–1.09) |
| (Wright et al., 2017) | 2017 | Original research | 29 | — | CCBs | Breast cancer | 1.09, 1.03–1.15 | — |
| (Cao et al., 2018) | 2018 | Observational studies | 21 | — | Uncategorized | Prostate cancer | ARBs(1.09, 0.97–1.21), CCBs (1.08, 1–1.16), diuretic (1.09, 0.95–1.25), antiadrenergic agents (1.22, 0.76–1.96) | — |
| (Gandini et al., 2018) | 2018 | Independent studies | 19 | — | Uncategorized | Skin cancer | CCBs (1.14, 1.07–1.21), ß blockers (1.21, 1.05–1.40) | — |
| (Tang et al., 2018) | 2018 | Observational studies | 10 | — | Uncategorized | Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) | Diuretic [ BCC (1.10, 1.01–1.20), SCC (1.40, 1.19–1.66)], ß blockers [BCC(1.09, 1.04–1.15)], CCBs [BCC (1.15, 1.09–1.21)]], ACEIs/ARBs [ BCC (0.53, 0.39–0.71), SCC (0.58, 0.42–0.80) | — |
| (Thakur et al., 2018) | 2018 | Randomized controlled trials, open prospective studies, pilot studies, and retrospective observations | 17 | — | CCBs | Breast cancer (BCa) and prostate cancer (PCa) | Bca (1.14.1.02–1.27), pca (1.12, 0.94–1.35) | — |
| (Rotshild et al., 2018) | 2018 | Observational studies | 10 | 38,758 | CCBs | Lung cancer | 1.15, 1.01–1.32 | — |
| (Shin et al., 2019) | 2019 | Observational studies | 9 | — | Diuretics | Skin cancers | Squamous cell carcinoma (1.86, 1.23–2.80), basal cell carcinoma (1.19, 1.02–1.38), melanoma (1.14, 1.01–1.29) | — |
| (Datzmann et al., 2019) | 2019 | RCTs, observational studies | 12 | — | ARBs | Uncategorized | RCTs (1.02, 0.87–1.19) | — |
| (Chen et al., 2020) | 2020 | Observational studies | 16 | 2,847,597 | ARBs, ACEIs | Colorectal cancer | 0.86, 0.78–0.93 | 0.80, 0.66–0.98 |
| (Xie et al., 2020) | 2020 | Case-control studies, cohort studies | 31 | 3,352,264 | Uncategorized | Kidney and bladder cancer | 1.45, 1.20–1.75 | — |