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. 2020 Dec 14;11:600886. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.600886

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Copyright © 2020 Fidelle, Yonekura, Picard, Cogdill, Hollebecque, Roberti and Zitvogel

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Geographical distributions of immune and microbial components highlight specificities between the ileal and colonic segments. The most dominant microbial and immune cells accounting for the diversity and specificity of each organ are depicted. The main specialized functions (metabolic, immune, motility, etc.) for each segment are indicated. A graphical abstract is lining below the boxes where these cells and functional specificities are listed. Immune cells are found either clustered within organized lymphoid structures or scattered within intestinal epithelium (IE) and lamina propria (LP). AMP, anti-microbial peptides; B cell, B cell lymphocyte; DC, dendritic cell; ILC3, innate lymphoid cell type 3; IL-22, interleukin-22; Th1, T helper 1 cell; Th17, T helper 17 cell; Treg, regulatory T cell.