Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of cohort comparing patients with distant metastases at study entry to patients without distant metastases
| Variable | Total n = 279 | Baseline metastases n = 17 (group A) | No baseline metastases n = 262 (group B) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Treatment, n (%) | |||||
| SIRT | 3 (1.1) | 3 (17.6) | 0 | <0.001 | |
| SIRT + sorafenib | 129 (46.2) | 7 (41.2) | 122 (46.6) | ||
| Sorafenib | 147 (52.7) | 7 (41.2) | 140 (53.4) | ||
| Sex, n (%) | |||||
| Female | 34 (12.2) | 2 (11.8) | 32 (12.2) | 0.9563 | |
| Male | 245 (87.8) | 15 (88.2) | 230 (87.8) | ||
| Age | |||||
| Mean (SD) | 65.7 (8.3) | 61.3 (8.4) | 66.0 (8.2) | 0.0230 | |
| Median (IQR) | 66.0 (12.0) | 60.0 (10.0) | 66.0 (12.0) | ||
| Age category, years | |||||
| <65 | 124 (44.4%) | 10 (58.8%) | 114 (43.5%) | 0.2182 | |
| ≥65 | 155 (55.6%) | 7 (41.2%) | 148 (56.5%) | ||
| BMI | |||||
| Missing | 4 (1.4%) | 4 (1.5%) | 0.4317 | ||
| Mean (SD) | 27.5 (4.6) | 26.7 (3.7) | 27.6 (4.6) | ||
| Median (IQR) | 26.9 (5.4) | 26.3 (5.0) | 27.0 (5.4) | ||
| ECOG, n (%) | |||||
| Missing | 4 (1.4) | 4 (1.5) | 0.6820 | ||
| 0 | 202 (73.5) | 14 (82.4) | 188 (72.9) | ||
| 1 | 72 (26.2) | 3 (17.6) | 69 (26.7) | ||
| 2 | 1 (0.4) | 0 | 1 (0.4) | ||
| Liver cirrhosis, n (%) | |||||
| Missing | 3 (1.1) | 0 | 3 (1.1) | 0.0507 | |
| No | 49 (17.8) | 6 (35.3) | 43 (16.6) | ||
| Yes | 227 (82.2) | 11 (64.7) | 216 (83.4) | ||
| Child-Pugh, n (%) | |||||
| A | 262 (93.9) | 17 (100) | 245 (93.5) | 0.2785 | |
| B | 17 (6.1) | 0 | 17 (6.6) | ||
| Hepatitis B, n (%) | |||||
| No | 254 (91.0) | 16 (94.1) | 239 (90.8) | 0.6466 | |
| Yes | 25 (9.0) | 1 (5.9) | 24 (9.2) | ||
| Hepatitis C, n (%) | |||||
| No | 206 (73.8) | 11 (64.7) | 195 (74.4) | 0.3768 | |
| Yes | 73 (26.2) | 6 (35.3) | 67 (25.6) | ||
| Alcohol, n (%) | |||||
| No | 156 (55.9) | 13 (76.5) | 143 (54.6) | 0.0781 | |
| Yes | 123 (44.1) | 4 (23.5) | 119 (45.4) | ||
| Previous therapies, n (%) | |||||
| TACE | 73 (26.2) | 4 (23.5) | 69 (26.3) | 0.7986 | |
| TAE | 3 (1.1) | 0 | 3 (1.1) | 0.6573 | |
| Resection | 34 (12.2) | 2 (11.8) | 32 (12.2) | 0.9563 | |
| RFA | 28 (10.0) | 0 | 28 (10.7) | 0.1553 | |
| Brachytherapy | 5 (1.8) | 0 | 5 (1.9) | 0.5655 | |
| Number of lesions, n (%) | |||||
| Missing | 3 (1.1) | 0 | 3 (1.1) | 0.5781 | |
| 1 | 45 (16.3) | 3 (17.6) | 42 (16.2) | ||
| 2 | 34 (12.3) | 2 (11.8) | 32 (12.4) | ||
| 3 | 23 (8.3) | 1 (5.9) | 22 (8.5) | ||
| 4 | 10 (3.6) | 2 (11.8) | 8 (3.1) | ||
| 5–10 | 27 (9.8) | 2 (11.8) | 25 (9.7) | ||
| >10 | 137 (49.6) | 7 (41.2) | 130 (50.2) | ||
| Max. diameter of largest lesion | |||||
| Missing | 12 (4.3%) | 0 | 12 (4.6%) | 0.0605 | |
| Mean (SD) | 66.2 (40.5) | 84.0 (48.6) | 65.0 (39.7) | ||
| Median (IQR) | 57.0 (56.0) | 79.0 (47.0) | 56.0 (55.0) | ||
| Portal vein infiltration, n (%) | |||||
| Yes | 122 (43.7) | 5 (29.4) | 117 (44.7) | 0.2195 | |
| Site of distant organ metastases, n (%) | |||||
| Bone | 11 (3.9) | 11 (64.7) | 0 | ||
| Adrenal gland | 5 (1.8) | 5 (29.4) | 0 | ||
| Peritoneum | 1 (0.4) | 1 (5.9) | 0 | ||
| BCLC stage, n (%) | |||||
| A | 5 (1.8) | 0 | 5 (1.9) | 0.1716 | |
| B | 85 (30.5) | 2 (11.8) | 83 (31.7) | ||
| C | 189 (67.7) | 15 (88.2) | 174 (66.4) | ||
| HAP score, n (%) | |||||
| Missing | 66 (23.7) | 4 (23.5) | 62 (23.7) | 0.3043 | |
| 1 | 110 (51.6) | 5 (38.5) | 105 (52.5) | ||
| 2 | 74 (34.7) | 4 (30.8) | 70 (35.0) | ||
| 3 | 23 (10.8) | 3 (23.1) | 20 (10) | ||
| 4 | 6 (2.8) | 1 (7.7) | 5 (2.5) | ||
| AFP, ng/mL | |||||
| Missing | 14 (5.0%) | 0 | 14 (5.3%) | 0.8502 | |
| <400 | 177 (66.8%) | 11 (64.7%) | 166 (66.9%) | ||
| ≥400 | 88 (33.2%) | 6 (35.3%) | 82 (33.1%) | ||
| Up-to-7 criterion, n (%) | |||||
| Missing | 13 (4.7) | 0 | 13 (5.0) | 0.0730 | |
| Inside | 40 (15.0) | 0 | 40 (16.1) | ||
| Outside | 226 (85.0) | 17 (100) | 209 (83.9) | ||
| Duration of follow-up, months | |||||
| Missing | 4 (1.4%) | 0 | 4 (1.5%) | 0.7854 | |
| Mean (SD) | 13.9 (9.6) | 16.1 (15.1) | 13.8 (9.1) | ||
| Median (IQR) | 11.8 (12.0) | 9.9 (15.5) | 12.0 (11.7) | ||
AFP, alpha-fetoprotein; BCLC, Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer; ECOG, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group; HAP, hepatoma arterial-embolization prognostic; RFA, radiofrequency ablation; SIRT, selective internal radiation treatment; TACE, transarterial chemoembolization; TAE, transarterial embolization.