Table 1.

Comparison of the toxic and repellent potential of different contaminants for four species based on data of toxicity (LC₅₀: lethal concentration to 50% of the population; in µg/L) and repellency (AC₅₀: concentration eliciting avoidance in 50% of the population; in µg/L).

Species	Contaminant	Toxicity (LC50)	Avoidance (AC50)	References for Toxicity/Avoidance
Palaemon varians (saltmarsh shrimp) a	Copper	660	10.4	[25,99]
	Galaxolide	401	14.1	[62]
	Tonalide	88.1	30.8	[62]
	Triclosan	154	42	[100,101]
Lithobates catesbeianus (amphibian) b	Abamectin	138	36	[65]
	Copper	372	101	[63]
	Diuron	31,000	±0.5 c	[67]
	2,4-D	574,000	242 d	[66]
Danio rerio (freshwater fish)	Ag-NPs	2900	9.08	[102], Sendra et al. (unpublished data)
	Copper	880	16.7	[78,103]
	Glyphosate	620	12.2	[104], Mena et al. (unpublished data)
	Pyrimethanil	2850	1100	[71,97]
Poecilia reticulata (freshwater fish)	Atrazine	4300	0.065	[74,105]
	Bisphenol A	1660	0.154	[77]
	Copper	348	15.9	[78,106]
	Triclosan	1650	8.04	[73]

^a: Toxicity data of copper and triclosan were based on the post larvae of Penaeus monodon [99] and larvae of Palaemonetes pugio [100], respectively. ^b: Gosner stage 25. ^c: the AC₅₀ value was not provided, but the authors reported an avoidance of around 50% at 0.5 µg/L. ^d: the AC₅₀ value was not provided, but the authors reported an avoidance of around 50% at 242 µg/L.