Table 1.
Clinical-demographic and neuropsychological features of the three groups.
| Variable | Group 1 (Controls; n = 28) | Group 2 (PD; n = 28) | Group 3 (PSP; n = 23) | Kruskal–Wallis ANOVA | post hoc | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Median | Lower | Upper | Median | Lower | Upper | Median | Lower | Upper | H(2,79) | p | Effect Size Cohen’s d | 1 vs. 2 | 1 vs. 3 | 2 vs. 3 | |
| p | p | p | |||||||||||||
| Age, years | 65.0 | 58.5 | 69.0 | 63.5 | 59.0 | 69.5 | 67.0 | 63.0 | 72.0 | 3.113 | NS | 0.244 | - | - | - |
| Height, cm | 162.0 | 160.0 | 170.0 | 163.5 | 160.0 | 170.0 | 163.0 | 155.0 | 170.0 | 0.105 | NS | - | - | - | - |
| Disease duration, years | - | - | - | 2.0 | 2.0 | 4.0 | 3.0 | 2.0 | 4.0 | - | - | - | - | - | NS |
| Hoehn-Yahr | - | - | - | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.0 | 3.0 | - | - | - | - | - | NS |
| UPDRS-ME | - | - | - | 31.0 | 25.5 | 38.5 | 32.0 | 25.0 | 45.0 | - | - | - | - | - | NS |
| MMSE | 28.6 | 27.0 | 30.0 | 27.5 | 25.9 | 28.9 | 27.2 | 25.4 | 28.3 | 6.263 | 0.044 | 0.488 | NS | 0.022 | NS |
| FAB | 16.9 | 14.3 | 18.0 | 15.0 | 11.4 | 16.4 | 12.6 | 9.6 | 14.9 | 18.657 | 0.0001 | 1.060 | 0.04 | 0.00005 | NS |
| HDRS | 4.0 | 2.0 | 6.5 | 5.0 | 3.0 | 8.5 | 5.0 | 2.0 | 7.0 | 3.409 | NS | 0.275 | - | - | - |
Legend (in alphabetical order): FAB: Frontal Assessment Battery; HDRS: Hamilton Depression Rating Scale; MMSE: Mini Mental State Examination; NS: not significant; PD: Parkinson’s disease; PSP: Progressive Supranuclear Palsy; UPDRS-ME: Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale–part III (motor examination); numbers in bold: statistically significant p values and large (>0.8) effect sizes.