Table 2.
Single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) data obtained from all participants.
| Variable | Group 1 (Controls; n = 28) | Group 2 (PD; n = 28) | Group 3 (PSP; n = 23) | Kruskal–Wallis ANOVA | post hoc | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Median | Lower | Upper | Median | Lower | Upper | Median | Lower | Upper | H(2,37) | p | Effect Size Cohen’s d | 1 vs. 2 | 1 vs. 3 | 2 vs. 3 | |
| p | p | p | |||||||||||||
| Right FDI MEP amplitude, mV | 3.9 | 2.3 | 5.1 | 7.9 | 6.4 | 10.2 | 7.9 | 5.6 | 11.1 | 23.879 | 0.00001 | 1.272 | 0.00001 | 0.00015 | NS |
| Right FDI MEP latency, ms | 20.7 | 19.9 | 21.9 | 20.4 | 19.3 | 21.3 | 19.7 | 18.6 | 21.2 | 4.407 | NS | 0.362 | - | - | - |
| Right FDI CMCT, ms | 6.5 | 6.0 | 7.3 | 5.9 | 5.3 | 6.3 | 5.9 | 5.2 | 6.8 | 8.063 | NS | 0.589 | - | - | - |
| Right FDI rMT, % | 43.0 | 39.0 | 45.5 | 37.5 | 35.0 | 45.5 | 39.0 | 34.0 | 49.0 | 3.178 | NS | 0.251 | - | - | - |
| Right FDI CSP, ms | 69.4 | 58.5 | 87.2 | 125.4 | 95.0 | 135.2 | 131.8 | 92.8 | 162.0 | 23.131 | 0.0001 | 1.241 | 0.00007 | 0.00004 | NS |
| Left FDI MEP amplitude, mV | 4.6 | 4.0 | 6.0 | 6.1 | 4.2 | 8.2 | 6.4 | 4.0 | 9.2 | 3.234 | NS | 0.257 | - | - | - |
| Left FDI MEP latency, ms | 19.2 | 18.4 | 20.6 | 20.1 | 19.5 | 21.1 | 19.3 | 18.1 | 21.1 | 5.262 | NS | 0.424 | - | - | - |
| Left FDI CMCT, ms | 5.5 | 5.1 | 6.5 | 5.9 | 5.1 | 6.5 | 5.8 | 4.9 | 6.8 | 0.406 | NS | - | - | - | - |
| Left FDI rMT, % | 40.0 | 38.0 | 43.5 | 38.0 | 35.0 | 41.5 | 41.0 | 36.0 | 44.0 | 3.247 | NS | 0.258 | - | - | - |
| Left FDI CSP, ms | 74.5 | 60.5 | 117.0 | 131.5 | 79.3 | 139.0 | 146.3 | 101.0 | 151.0 | 12.807 | 0.0017 | 0.814 | 0.035 | 0.00062 | NS |
Legend (in alphabetical order): CMCT: central motor conduction time; CSP: cortical silent period; FDI: First Dorsal Interosseous muscle; K–W: Kruskal–Wallis; MEP: motor evoked potential; NS: not significant; PD: Parkinson’s disease; PSP: Progressive Supranuclear Palsy; rMT: resting motor threshold; TMS: transcranial magnetic stimulation; numbers in bold: statistically significant p value sand large (>0.8) effect sizes.