Fig. 9.

A comparison of model output with experimental observations for a variety of tropic responses. (A) Mechanical perturbation is applied to cucumber hypocotyls situated vertically, causing them to bend (blue data and curves), after which they recover the vertical; a horizontally situated plant bends toward the vertical under gravitropism (red data and curves). (B) Multiple tip patterns are observed in sunflowers; these circumnutation patterns are reproduced by the model with (solid curves) and without (dashed curves) gravitropic effects. (C) Tree saplings are inclined at an angle and subjected to either isotropic (Left) or anisotropic (Right) light. The shape of the plants is extracted at five times and discretized along the length (symbols). Continuous two-dimensional shapes (solid curves) obtained by our model combining gravitropic, phototropic, and autotropic effects are included at the same time points.